Disclosed are systems and methods for manufacturing energy relays for energy directing systems inducing Ordered Energy Localization effects. Ordered Energy Localization relay material distribution criteria are disclosed. Transverse planar as well as multi-dimensional ordered material configurations are discussed. Methods and systems are disclosed for forming non-random patterns of energy relay materials with energy localization properties.

Disclosed are systems and methods for manufacturing energy relays for energy directing systems inducing Ordered Energy Localization effects. Ordered Energy Localization relay material distribution criteria are disclosed. Transverse planar as well as multi-dimensional ordered material configurations are discussed. Methods and systems are disclosed for forming non-random patterns of energy relay materials with energy localization properties.

A disposable sleeve for a container including a liner having inner and outer surfaces; a housing coupled to said inner surface of said liner with said housing defining a pocket and an opening to access said pocket; a heating element disposed within said pocket; and a cover disposed over said opening and coupled to said housing to enclose said pocket, wherein said cover is at least partially removable from said housing to uncover at least a portion of said opening and to enable activation of said heating element to generate heat upon exposure to air.

A disposable sleeve for a container including a liner having inner and outer surfaces; a housing coupled to said inner surface of said liner with said housing defining a pocket and an opening to access said pocket; a heating element disposed within said pocket; and a cover disposed over said opening and coupled to said housing to enclose said pocket, wherein said cover is at least partially removable from said housing to uncover at least a portion of said opening and to enable activation of said heating element to generate heat upon exposure to air.

A container may include a storage volume configured to store a payload. A thermal insulation layer may surround the storage volume. A thermoregulation layer may surround the thermal insulation layer. There may be activation of a chemical reaction in the thermoregulation layer. The thermal insulation layer may have R-value per inch configured to expose the payload to a desired temperature to ensure viability of the payload and dampen a temperature spike of the chemical reaction. A system of containers may include a system storage volume with N containers in the system storage volume, wherein N is a whole number of 2 or more. A method of making an insulated container may include preparing an outer skin barrier layer, stacking a thermoregulation layer on the outer skin barrier layer, stacking a thermal insulation layer on the thermoregulation layer, and stacking an inner skin barrier layer on the thermal insulation layer.

A container may include a storage volume configured to store a payload. A thermal insulation layer may surround the storage volume. A thermoregulation layer may surround the thermal insulation layer. There may be activation of a chemical reaction in the thermoregulation layer. The thermal insulation layer may have R-value per inch configured to expose the payload to a desired temperature to ensure viability of the payload and dampen a temperature spike of the chemical reaction. A system of containers may include a system storage volume with N containers in the system storage volume, wherein N is a whole number of 2 or more. A method of making an insulated container may include preparing an outer skin barrier layer, stacking a thermoregulation layer on the outer skin barrier layer, stacking a thermal insulation layer on the thermoregulation layer, and stacking an inner skin barrier layer on the thermal insulation layer.

The present invention provides: a heat generation method that makes the first use of the ionic vacancies that are a by-product of an electrochemical reaction and have conventionally been left unreacted; and a device for implementing the same. The present invention pertains to: a heat generation method characterized by comprising colliding, in an electrochemical reaction that proceeds in an electrolysis cell, ionic vacancies having a positive charge generated at an anode and ionic vacancies having a negative charge generated at a cathode; and a heat generation device characterized by being equipped with an electrolysis cell provided with an anode and a cathode and an electrolyte solution accommodated within the electrolysis cell, and by generating heat by colliding ionic vacancies of opposite signs generated by causing the electrochemical reaction to proceed in the electrolysis cell via the anode and the cathode.

The present invention provides: a heat generation method that makes the first use of the ionic vacancies that are a by-product of an electrochemical reaction and have conventionally been left unreacted; and a device for implementing the same. The present invention pertains to: a heat generation method characterized by comprising colliding, in an electrochemical reaction that proceeds in an electrolysis cell, ionic vacancies having a positive charge generated at an anode and ionic vacancies having a negative charge generated at a cathode; and a heat generation device characterized by being equipped with an electrolysis cell provided with an anode and a cathode and an electrolyte solution accommodated within the electrolysis cell, and by generating heat by colliding ionic vacancies of opposite signs generated by causing the electrochemical reaction to proceed in the electrolysis cell via the anode and the cathode.

There is described an inflatable life jacket (1), comprising at least a first inflatable chamber (2) and a second chamber adjacent to said first chamber (2), characterized in that said second chamber (3) comprises in its inside at least one acid resin and at least one metal having an electrical potential lower than the hydrogen standard reduction potential, said second chamber (3) being provided with unidirectional means (5) able to allow the entry of water inside it.

There is described an inflatable life jacket (1), comprising at least a first inflatable chamber (2) and a second chamber adjacent to said first chamber (2), characterized in that said second chamber (3) comprises in its inside at least one acid resin and at least one metal having an electrical potential lower than the hydrogen standard reduction potential, said second chamber (3) being provided with unidirectional means (5) able to allow the entry of water inside it.