An air heating apparatus may be mounted on a common base and define a pair of air flow paths. The air heating apparatus may include a housing forming an outer envelope through which the air flow paths extend, with the air flow path being separate from each other at all locations in the interior of the outer envelope. The interior of the housing may be divided into two subhousings defining two separate subchambers. The housing may have inlet and outlet openings extending through the outer envelope for each of the air flow paths of the subchambers. At least two air heating assemblies may each be configured to heat air moving along a separate one of the air flow paths, the air heating assemblies being positioned in the interior of the housing with each of the air heating assemblies being positioned in a respective one of the subchambers of the subhousings.

An air heating apparatus may be mounted on a common base and define a pair of air flow paths. The air heating apparatus may include a housing forming an outer envelope through which the air flow paths extend, with the air flow path being separate from each other at all locations in the interior of the outer envelope. The interior of the housing may be divided into two subhousings defining two separate subchambers. The housing may have inlet and outlet openings extending through the outer envelope for each of the air flow paths of the subchambers. At least two air heating assemblies may each be configured to heat air moving along a separate one of the air flow paths, the air heating assemblies being positioned in the interior of the housing with each of the air heating assemblies being positioned in a respective one of the subchambers of the subhousings.

A dual heating process is performed in the absence of an open flame. Heat is created by a rotating prime mover(s) driving a fluid shear heater. Heat is also collected from a cooling system of the prime mover, and from any exhaust heat generated by the prime mover. The heat energy collected from all of these sources is transmitted through heat exchangers to a fluid where heat energy is desired. The fluid being heated may be glycol or air, depending on the type of heat desired.

A dual heating process is performed in the absence of an open flame. Heat is created by a rotating prime mover(s) driving a fluid shear heater. Heat is also collected from a cooling system of the prime mover, and from any exhaust heat generated by the prime mover. The heat energy collected from all of these sources is transmitted through heat exchangers to a fluid where heat energy is desired. The fluid being heated may be glycol or air, depending on the type of heat desired.

A production method can include flowing a heterogeneous fluid mixture into contact with a homogenizing cutting tool, measuring a fluid mixture temperature so as to obtain a measured fluid mixture temperature, and determining a target fluid mixture temperature. The fluid mixture can be frictionally heated so as to obtain a heated and homogenized fluid mixture by driving the cutting tool at a rate based on (i) the target fluid mixture temperature and (ii) the measured fluid mixture temperature. The heated and homogenized fluid mixture can be flowed away from the cutting tool.

The apparatus described herein uses a disc wafer-type rotor featuring channels disposed around its circumference and around the interior circumference of the rotor housing specifically to induce cavitation. The channels are shaped to control the size, oscillation, composition, duration, and implosion of the cavitation bubbles. The rotor is attached to a shaft which is driven by external power means. Fluid pumped into the device is subjected to the relative motion between the rotor and the device housing, and exits the device at increased temperature. The device is thermodynamically highly efficient, despite the structural and mechanical simplicity of the apparatus. Such devices accordingly provide efficient, simple, inexpensive, and reliable sources of distilled potable water for residential, commercial, and industrial use, as well as the separation and evaporation of other liquids.

The apparatus described herein uses a disc wafer-type rotor featuring channels disposed around its circumference and around the interior circumference of the rotor housing specifically to induce cavitation. The channels are shaped to control the size, oscillation, composition, duration, and implosion of the cavitation bubbles. The rotor is attached to a shaft which is driven by external power means. Fluid pumped into the device is subjected to the relative motion between the rotor and the device housing, and exits the device at increased temperature. The device is thermodynamically highly efficient, despite the structural and mechanical simplicity of the apparatus. Such devices accordingly provide efficient, simple, inexpensive, and reliable sources of distilled potable water for residential, commercial, and industrial use, as well as the separation and evaporation of other liquids.

A water purification system with a centrifugal system and a frictional heating system consists of a centrifugal unit, a cavitation unit, a cooling condenser, a vertical shaft, and a pitot tube. The centrifugal unit and the cavitation unit are mounted along the vertical shaft so that the rotational movement of the vertical shaft is transferred onto the centrifugal unit and the cavitation unit. Non-potable water is directed into the centrifugal unit to separate heavy solids. Less populated water from the centrifugal unit is transferred to the cavitation unit via the pitot tube. The cavitation unit uses friction to generate phase change in the volume of less populated water which is then directed to the cooling condenser to produce potable water.

A dual heating process is performed in the absence of an open flame. Heat is created by a rotating prime mover(s) driving a fluid shear heater. Heat is also collected from a cooling system of the prime mover, and from any exhaust heat generated by the prime mover. The heat energy collected from all of these sources is transmitted through heat exchangers to a fluid where heat energy is desired. The fluid being heated may be glycol or air, depending on the type of heat desired.

A dual heating process is performed in the absence of an open flame. Heat is created by a rotating prime mover(s) driving a fluid shear heater. Heat is also collected from a cooling system of the prime mover, and from any exhaust heat generated by the prime mover. The heat energy collected from all of these sources is transmitted through heat exchangers to a fluid where heat energy is desired. The fluid being heated may be glycol or air, depending on the type of heat desired.