Apparatus, system, and method for controlling molten salt heat exchangers. The system includes a magma-driven heat exchanger that extends at least partially into a magma body containing magma. Molten salt flowing through the magma-driven heat exchanger absorbs heat from the magma to form heated molten salt. A second heat exchanger located externally to the magma-driven heat exchanger uses the heated molten salt to heat a working fluid from a first temperature to a second temperature that is higher than the first temperature. The system also includes a set of fluid conduits defining a flow path that conveys the molten salt between the magma-driven heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger in a loop. Fluid control devices are included for controlling flow of the molten salt through the flow path.

A device for transferring heat between a body of water and the surrounding atmosphere includes a water heat exchanger disposed to lie beneath an air heat exchanger. A fan moves ambient air into and through the air heat exchanger, which includes pipes for circulating water from the body of water through the air heat exchanger. The air heat exchanger includes a partition that separates the water flowing through the air heat exchanger from the ambient air flowing through the air heat exchanger. The partition mediates the transfer of heat energy between the ambient air flowing through the air heat exchanger and the water flowing through the air heat exchanger.

A thermodynamic system and method for performing work includes a working fluid and a fluid pump for pumping the working fluid through a cycle. A thermal input supplies heat to the working fluid. An expansion device downstream of the thermal input converts at least the heat of the working fluid to useful work. A heat exchanger downstream of the expansion device has a first portion to transfer heat from downstream said expansion device to a second portion at or upstream of said thermal input. A conversion device expands the working fluid with constant enthalpy from a higher to a lower pressure.

A thermodynamic system and method for performing work includes a working fluid and a fluid pump for pumping the working fluid through a cycle. A thermal input supplies heat to the working fluid. An expansion device downstream of the thermal input converts at least the heat of the working fluid to useful work. A heat exchanger downstream of the expansion device has a first portion to transfer heat from downstream said expansion device to a second portion at or upstream of said thermal input. A conversion device expands the working fluid with constant enthalpy from a higher to a lower pressure.

A geothermally powered aluminum production subsystem includes a geothermal system with a wellbore extending from a surface into an underground magma reservoir. A hopper receives a bauxite ore that is crushed and provided to a digestor. The digestor is heated by a heat transfer fluid heated by the geothermal system, and a product of the digestor is used to prepare aluminum.

A geothermally powered aluminum production subsystem includes a geothermal system with a wellbore extending from a surface into an underground magma reservoir. A hopper receives a bauxite ore that is crushed and provided to a digestor. The digestor is heated by a heat transfer fluid heated by the geothermal system, and a product of the digestor is used to prepare aluminum.

Provided here is a system and method for harnessing geothermal energy for generation of electricity by using complete closed loop heat exchange systems combined with onboard drilling apparatus. The system includes several devices operating separately in many different applications in energy sectors, including Self Contained In-Ground Geothermal Generator; the Self Contained Heat Exchanger; the In-Line-Pump/Generator; and preeminent drilling system for drilling wider and deeper wellbores. The system can be used for harnessing heat from accessible lava flows; harnessing the waste heat from the flame on top of flares stacks and similar cases. Also, included is an architectural solution for the restoration of the terminal lake, the Salton Sea, an area of prevalent geothermal sources, including dividing lake in three sections and importing seawater in central section with pipeline system; providing condition for tourism; treating farmland runoff waters; generating electricity including solar energy; and producing potable water and lithium as byproducts.

Provided here is a system for restoration of a salty terminal lake, such as the Salton Sea, an area of prevalent geothermal sources. It includes division of the Lake into three sections, to accommodate for less inflow from a river, such as the Colorado River, and preventing pollution of the central section of the Lake from nearby farmlands and importing seawater in central section with pipeline system; providing condition for tourism, and wildlife sanctuary; generating electricity by harnessing hydro, solar, and geothermal energy; and producing potable water and lithium as byproducts. Also includes a system and method for harnessing geothermal energy for generation of electricity by using complete closed loop heat exchange systems combined with onboard drilling apparatus. The system includes several devices operating separately in many different applications in energy sectors, Also, included is an alternative use for the In-Line-Pump for marine crafts propulsion.

Provided here is a system for restoration of a salty terminal lake, such as the Salton Sea, an area of prevalent geothermal sources. It includes division of the Lake into three sections, to accommodate for less inflow from a river, such as the Colorado River, and preventing pollution of the central section of the Lake from nearby farmlands and importing seawater in central section with pipeline system; providing condition for tourism, and wildlife sanctuary; generating electricity by harnessing hydro, solar, and geothermal energy; and producing potable water and lithium as byproducts. Also includes a system and method for harnessing geothermal energy for generation of electricity by using complete closed loop heat exchange systems combined with onboard drilling apparatus. The system includes several devices operating separately in many different applications in energy sectors, Also, included is an alternative use for the In-Line-Pump for marine crafts propulsion.

Systems and methods for collecting, storing, and conveying aqueous thermal energy are disclosed. In a particular embodiment, a floating film retains solar energy in a volume of water located under the film. A series of curtains hanging from a bottom surface of the film define a passage between a periphery of the film and a center of the film to direct the heated water at the center of the film. The heated water is circulated to deliver the heat to a dissociation reactor and/or donor substance. The donor is conveyed to the reactor and dissociated.