Embodiments of the present disclosure are directed toward systems and method for cooling a refrigerant flow of a refrigerant circuit with a cool water flow from a cool water storage to generate a warm water flow and to cool the refrigerant flow by a subcooling temperature difference, flowing the warm water flow to the cool water storage, and thermally isolating the warm water flow from the cool water flow in the cool water storage.

A refrigeration system includes a gas cooler or a condenser configured to reject first heat from a first fluid that is at a first pressure and that is in a supercritical state or subcritical state. The refrigeration system further includes an evaporator configured to absorb second heat into a second fluid that is at a second pressure that is lower than the first pressure and that is in a liquid state, a vapor state, or a two-phase mixture of liquid and vapor. The refrigeration system further includes a rotary pressure exchanger configured to receive the first fluid from the gas cooler or the condenser, to receive the second fluid from the evaporator, and to exchange pressure, via a rotor of the rotary pressure exchanger, between the first fluid and the second fluid.

Heat pump type heating apparatus capable of performing a continuous dual-stage operation without stopping a high stage side compressor even when a return temperature of a heating medium reaches a prescribed high temperature and, thereby, improving a sense of being insufficiently warmed due to stoppage of the high stage side compressor or a sense of being insufficiently warmed due to execution of frequent defrosting operations. The heat pump type heating apparatus includes an internal heat exchanger (a second internal heat exchanger) that performs heat exchange between a low-temperature refrigerant on a low-pressure side of a low stage side refrigeration circuit and a high-temperature refrigerant on a high-pressure side of a high stage side refrigerant circuit, a bypass pipe bypassing the internal heat exchanger, and flow path control means that controls a refrigerant flow to each of the internal heat exchanger and the bypass pipe.

Heat pump type heating apparatus capable of performing a continuous dual-stage operation without stopping a high stage side compressor even when a return temperature of a heating medium reaches a prescribed high temperature and, thereby, improving a sense of being insufficiently warmed due to stoppage of the high stage side compressor or a sense of being insufficiently warmed due to execution of frequent defrosting operations. The heat pump type heating apparatus includes an internal heat exchanger (a second internal heat exchanger) that performs heat exchange between a low-temperature refrigerant on a low-pressure side of a low stage side refrigeration circuit and a high-temperature refrigerant on a high-pressure side of a high stage side refrigerant circuit, a bypass pipe bypassing the internal heat exchanger, and flow path control means that controls a refrigerant flow to each of the internal heat exchanger and the bypass pipe.

Provided is a chiller and system that may be utilized in a supercritical fluid chromatography method, wherein a non-polar solvent may replace a portion or all of a polar solvent for the purpose of separating or extracting desired sample molecules from a combined sample/solvent stream. The system may reduce the amount of polar solvent necessary for chromatographic separation and/or extraction of desired samples. The system may incorporate a supercritical fluid chiller, a supercritical fluid pressure-equalizing vessel and a supercritical fluid cyclonic separator. The supercritical fluid chiller allows for efficient and consistent pumping of liquid-phase gases employing off-the-shelf HPLC pumps. The pressure equalizing vessel allows the use of off-the-shelf HPLC column cartridges. The system may further incorporate the use of one or more disposable cartridges containing silica gel or other suitable medium. The system may also utilize an open loop cooling circuit using fluids with a positive Joule-Thomson coefficient.

Provided is a chiller and system that may be utilized in a supercritical fluid chromatography method, wherein a non-polar solvent may replace a portion or all of a polar solvent for the purpose of separating or extracting desired sample molecules from a combined sample/solvent stream. The system may reduce the amount of polar solvent necessary for chromatographic separation and/or extraction of desired samples. The system may incorporate a supercritical fluid chiller, a supercritical fluid pressure-equalizing vessel and a supercritical fluid cyclonic separator. The supercritical fluid chiller allows for efficient and consistent pumping of liquid-phase gases employing off-the-shelf HPLC pumps. The pressure equalizing vessel allows the use of off-the-shelf HPLC column cartridges. The system may further incorporate the use of one or more disposable cartridges containing silica gel or other suitable medium. The system may also utilize an open loop cooling circuit using fluids with a positive Joule-Thomson coefficient.

A thermal management system for an aircraft is provided. The thermal management system may comprise a first vapor compression circuit, a second vapor compression circuit, and an intercooler. The first vapor compression circuit may define a first flowpath for fluid compression, condensation, expansion, and evaporation. The second vapor compression circuit may define a second flowpath for fluid compression, condensation, expansion, and evaporation. The intercooler may be disposed in cascading thermal communication between the first vapor compression circuit and the second vapor compression circuit. Generally, heat generated by the aircraft may be transferred to the first vapor compression circuit during aircraft operation.

A thermal management system for an aircraft is provided. The thermal management system may comprise a first vapor compression circuit, a second vapor compression circuit, and an intercooler. The first vapor compression circuit may define a first flowpath for fluid compression, condensation, expansion, and evaporation. The second vapor compression circuit may define a second flowpath for fluid compression, condensation, expansion, and evaporation. The intercooler may be disposed in cascading thermal communication between the first vapor compression circuit and the second vapor compression circuit. Generally, heat generated by the aircraft may be transferred to the first vapor compression circuit during aircraft operation.

A compressor unit includes a first case, a compressor, a connecting port, and a shutoff valve. The connecting port includes a first connecting port and a second connecting port. The shutoff valve includes a first shutoff valve and a second shutoff valve. A heat source heat exchanger is accommodated in a second case. A utilization heat exchanger is accommodated in a third case. The compressor unit is disposed inside a building. The first connecting port is connected to the heat source heat exchanger via a first connection piping. The second connecting port is connected to the utilization heat exchanger via a second connection piping. The first shutoff valve shuts off flow of a refrigerant between the first connecting port and the heat source heat exchanger. The second shutoff valve shuts off flow of the refrigerant between the second connecting port and the utilization heat exchanger.

A method for controlling operation of a refrigeration system (1), including one or more refrigeration entities (4), is disclosed. Each entity controller (7) obtains a measure for an error value between the measured value of a compressor control parameter and a setpoint value (8) for the compressor control parameter, and each entity controller (7) adjusts a refrigeration load of the corresponding refrigeration entity (4) to correspond to a cooling capacity of the compressor(s) (2), and in accordance with the obtained measure for an error value.