A projector a cooler configured to cool a cooling target based on transformation of a refrigerant into a gas. The cooler includes a refrigerant generator configured to generate the refrigerant and a refrigerant sender configured to send the generated refrigerant toward the cooling target. The refrigerant generator includes a moisture absorbing/discharging member, a first air blower configured to deliver air outside the projector to the moisture absorbing/discharging member, a heat exchanger connected to the refrigerant sender, a heater configured to heat the moisture absorbing/discharging member, and a second air blower configured to deliver, to the heat exchanger, air around a portion of the moisture absorbing/discharging member that is the portion heated by the heater. The heat exchanger, by cooling the air having flowed into the heat exchanger, generates the refrigerant from the air having flowed into the heat exchanger. The moisture absorbing/discharging member is fixed.

A flow modulation device 300 for controlling a rheological state of a dispensed pressurized fluid includes a porous element 304 and an exit tube. The porous element 304 is in fluid communication with a distal end of an outlet tube 303 and receives pressurized fluid in a first rheological state. The porous element 304 includes a plurality of channels that divide a flow channel into a plurality of flow paths through which the pressurized fluid flows and that modulates the flow of the pressurized fluid. The exit tube 305 includes proximal end 355 and distal end 345 and an intermediate body including a sidewall 365 defining a hollow internal lumen 375. The exit tube 305 is in fluid communication with the porous element 304 and receives the modulated pressurized fluid from the plurality of flow paths and refocuses the fluid to dispense the pressurized fluid in a second rheological state.

An alcohol-based solvent chiller includes an insulated vessel; a spiral-shaped heat exchanger designed specifically to chill alcohol-based solvents that become viscous at low temperatures within the insulated vessel; a cryogenic tank with pressure building capability that will force coolant through the heat exchanger at a specific pressure; and a cryogenic pump to circulate viscous cryogenic temperature liquids within the insulated vessel.

A system for cryogenic cooling of a remote cooling target comprising a cryogenic cooling device and a flexible cold fluid discharge interface, said flexible cold fluid discharge interface further comprising a flexible outer hose, a flexible middle recirculation line, a flexible inner hose, a flexible cryogen supply line, a first annular vacuum insulating area disposed between said flexible outer hose and said middle recirculation line, and a second annular vacuum insulating area disposed between said flexible inner hose and said flexible supply line. Said outer flexible hose, first evacuated annular segment, recirculation line, inner hose, second evacuated annular segment and supply line are arranged substantially concentrically. The system further comprising a first connecting means for connecting a first terminal end of the flexible cold fluid discharge interface to said cryogenic cooling device and a second connecting means comprising a rigid insertion member disposed at the second terminal end of the flexible cold fluid discharge interface for inserting into a remote cooling location.

The present disclosure involves systems and methods for applying CO2 to concrete, which may be performed in-situ or through a separate, stand-alone process. According to another embodiment disclosed herein, a system and method for applying CO2 to one or more materials used in the production of concrete is also provided.

A cooling garment cooling device includes: a water delivery hose with a cooling water supply portion and cooling water branch portion; a pump supplying cooling water from the cooling water supply portion toward the cooling water branch portion; and plural branched water hoses having a first end-side water supply portion and second end-side water supply portion coupled to the cooling water branch portion. A portion of the branched water hoses between the first end-side water supply portion and second end-side water supply portion serves as a water outlet portion. Each branched water hose diameter is smaller than the water delivery hose diameter. The outer peripheral portion of the water outlet portion of each branched water hose orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the branched water hose has plural water passage holes with opening areas smaller than those of the first end-side water supply portion and second end-side water supply portion.

A cooling garment cooling device includes: a water delivery hose with a cooling water supply portion and cooling water branch portion; a pump supplying cooling water from the cooling water supply portion toward the cooling water branch portion; and plural branched water hoses having a first end-side water supply portion and second end-side water supply portion coupled to the cooling water branch portion. A portion of the branched water hoses between the first end-side water supply portion and second end-side water supply portion serves as a water outlet portion. Each branched water hose diameter is smaller than the water delivery hose diameter. The outer peripheral portion of the water outlet portion of each branched water hose orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the branched water hose has plural water passage holes with opening areas smaller than those of the first end-side water supply portion and second end-side water supply portion.

A method of preparing a cryogenic sample (e.g. for study in a charged-particle microscope), whereby the sample is subjected to rapid cooling using a cryogen, comprising the following steps: Providing two conduits for transporting cryogenic fluid, each of which conduits opens out into a mouthpiece, which mouthpieces are arranged to face each other across an intervening gap; Placing the sample in said gap; Pumping cryogenic fluid through said conduits so as to concurrently flush from said mouthpieces, thereby suddenly immersing the sample in cryogenic fluid from two opposite sides,
wherein the flush of cryogenic fluid applied from a first of said mouthpieces is differente.g. has a different durationto that applied from the second of said mouthpieces.

An apparatus includes a flash tank, a load, a first compressor, a coil, a first pipe, and a second compressor. The flash tank stores a refrigerant. The load uses the refrigerant from the flash tank to cool a space proximate the load. The first compressor compresses the refrigerant from the load. The coil within the flash tank receives the refrigerant from the first compressor such that the received refrigerant is within the coil. The refrigerant stored within the flash tank cools the refrigerant within the coil. The first pipe is within the flash tank. The first pipe directs the refrigerant from within the coil out of the flash tank. The second compressor compresses the refrigerant directed out of the flash tank.

A sublimator includes a porous plate having a first surface comprising a low pressure side and a second surface comprising a high pressure side such that refrigerant is configured to move through the porous plate from the high pressure side to the low pressure side. The second surface defines a primary heat transfer surface. The porous plate further includes a plurality of secondary heat transfer surfaces integrally formed on the primary heat transfer surface to facilitate flow and evenly distribute refrigerant across the high pressure side of the porous plate.