A sublimator includes a porous plate having a first surface comprising a low pressure side and a second surface comprising a high pressure side such that refrigerant is configured to move through the porous plate from the high pressure side to the low pressure side. The second surface defines a primary heat transfer surface. The porous plate further includes a plurality of secondary heat transfer surfaces integrally formed on the primary heat transfer surface to facilitate flow and evenly distribute refrigerant across the high pressure side of the porous plate.

A cryogenic medical device for delivery of subcooled liquid cryogen to various configurations of cryoprobes is designed for the treatment of damaged, diseased, cancerous or other unwanted tissues. The device is a closed or semi-closed system in which the liquid cryogen is contained in both the supply and return stages. The device is capable of generating cryogen to a supercritical state and may be utilized in any rapid cooling systems. As designed, the device comprises a number of parts including a vacuum insulated outer dewar, submersible cryogen pump, baffled linear heat exchanger, multiple pressurization cartridges, a return chamber, and a series of valves to control the flow of the liquid cryogen. The cryogenic medical device promotes the subcooling to any external cryogenic instrument.

A cooling apparatus includes a container configured to contain a coolant within a space. The apparatus further includes a cooling block positioned substantially within the space and having a high heat capacity such that the space not occupied by the cooling block is filled with a coolant to a level at or below the top of the cooling block, and a placement structure having high thermal conductivity positioned on top of the cooling block and outside of the space. A method for cooling an object is also provided, which includes inserting a coolant into a container configured to contain the coolant within a space, and placing the object on a placement structure outside the space. For this method, the placement structure has a high thermal conductivity and is coupled to a cooling block, the cooling block having a high heat capacity and positioned substantially within the space. A two-stage cooling apparatus and method is also described.

A freezer includes a plurality of evaporators coupled to a payload bay with a multiplicity of coolant tubes in each evaporator, wherein each tube enters and then exits the payload bay, further comprising one or more cryogenic valves coupled to the coolant tubes; a pump to force coolant flowing through the evaporators; sensors coupled to the evaporators of the freezer to monitor vital parameters of the freezer; a processor; a wireless telemetry system to communicate one or more measured characteristics of the freezer in accordance with a service level agreement to a remote computer; and at least one notification component that provides a notification associated with a specific customer responsive to the measured characteristic of the service crossing a pre-defined threshold.

A Transport Refrigeration Unit (TRU) includes one or more evaporators inside the TRU each containing two manifold tubes located at opposite ends of the evaporator and a multiplicity of cooling tubes traversing between the manifold tubes; one or more super-insulated vacuum tanks located in front of, beneath or inside the TRU, filled with liquid nitrogen, carbon dioxide or a cryogenic coolant connected to the one or more evaporators using vacuum-insulated pipes; a solenoid or pneumatic valve located upstream or downstream of the evaporator to meter a flow of nitrogen through the evaporator; a temperature controlling circuit that operates the solenoid or pneumatic valve; a flow restricting device that limits the flow of the cryogenic coolant through the evaporator; a vent pipe to vent the spent coolant outside the TRU; and a multiplicity of fans located adjacent to and above the evaporators that distribute the cooled air uniformly throughout the TRU.

A vessel (10) containing a fluid (liquid and/or gas) at pressure higher than atmospheric pressure which when evacuated from the vessel (10) lowers the temperature of the vessel and thereby creates a self-generated cold sink capable of absorbing thermal energy to maintain electronics and other temperature sensitive missile components within their operational temperature limits.

A projector including a light source device configured to emit light, a light modulator configured to modulate the light emitted from the light source device in accordance with an image signal, a projection optical device configured to project the light modulated by the light modulator, and a cooler configured to cool a cooling target based on transformation of a refrigerant into a gas. The cooler includes a refrigerant generator configured to generate the refrigerant and a refrigerant sender configured to send the generated refrigerant toward the cooling target. The refrigerant generator includes a flow passage section through which the refrigerant flows. A portion of the inner surface of the flow passage section that is the portion facing the lower side in the gravity direction inclines with respect to the horizontal plane perpendicular to the gravity direction.

A projector including a light source device configured to emit light, a light modulator configured to modulate the light emitted from the light source device in accordance with an image signal, a projection optical device configured to project the light modulated by the light modulator, and a cooler configured to cool a cooling target based on transformation of a refrigerant into a gas. The cooler includes a refrigerant generator configured to generate the refrigerant and a refrigerant sender configured to send the generated refrigerant toward the cooling target. The refrigerant generator includes a flow passage section through which the refrigerant flows. A portion of the inner surface of the flow passage section that is the portion facing the lower side in the gravity direction inclines with respect to the horizontal plane perpendicular to the gravity direction.

A container designed for carrying payload and being removably installable and dimensioned to fit in a cargo bay of an aircraft. Included in the container is a payload compartment having space defined by the payload compartment for carrying the payload. A heat exchanger is installed within the container to perform heat exchange operation for the payload using a coolant. A heat exchanger control unit controls the heat exchange operation of the heat exchanger between the payload and the heat exchanger using an internal circuitry.

A shipping vessel includes a cryogenic tank secured to the shipping foundation; a payload bay to receive products therein; a tube connected to the cryogenic tank and thermally coupled to the payload bay; a housing secured to the shipping foundation, said housing covering the tube and the payload bay to thermally seal the payload bay from outside environment; a controller mounted on the housing and having a sensor to determine temperature in a closed-loop and maintaining a set point within a predetermined range; and an energy storage device coupled to the controller and electronics to provide power for a predetermined shipping period.