A cryostat assembly with an outer container for a storage tank with a first cryogenic fluid and a coil tank for a superconducting magnet coil system. The magnet coil system is cooled by a second cryogenic fluid colder than the first cryogenic fluid, the coil tank being mechanically connected to the outer container and/or to radiation shields surrounding the coil tank via a mounting structure. Liquid helium at an operating temperature of approximately 4.2 K is the first cryogenic, fluid and helium at an operating temperature of <3.5 K is the second cryogenic fluid in the coil tank. The mounting structure has mounting elements with thermally conductive contact points thermally coupled to heat sinks having a temperature at or below that of the storage tank, via thermal conductor elements. This ensures long times to quench if malfunctions occur.

A flow modulation device 300 for controlling a rheological state of a dispensed pressurized fluid includes a porous element 304 and an exit tube. The porous element 304 is in fluid communication with a distal end of an outlet tube 303 and receives pressurized fluid in a first rheological state. The porous element 304 includes a plurality of channels that divide a flow channel into a plurality of flow paths through which the pressurized fluid flows and that modulates the flow of the pressurized fluid. The exit tube 305 includes proximal end 355 and distal end 345 and an intermediate body including a sidewall 365 defining a hollow internal lumen 375. The exit tube 305 is in fluid communication with the porous element 304 and receives the modulated pressurized fluid from the plurality of flow paths and refocuses the fluid to dispense the pressurized fluid in a second rheological state.

This disclosure describes systems, methods, and devices for phytochemical extraction. One example extraction system includes two solvent columns, a material column, and a dewaxing column. The solvent columns store and provide solvent for stripping target chemicals from plant material in the material column. The solvent mixed with target chemicals passes into the dewaxing column, where the target chemicals are separated from waxes and lipids. Cooling is applied to elements of the system by way of an open-loop CO2 refrigeration method. Solvent is moved from the solvent columns to the material column by creating a pressure differential between the two solvent columns.

An apparatus includes a heat sink configured to receive thermal energy from one or more heat sources. The heat sink includes a local reservoir configured to hold a liquid coolant, and the heat sink is configured to pass the thermal energy into the liquid coolant in the local reservoir in order to vaporize at least some of the liquid coolant. The apparatus also includes a membrane configured to allow vaporized coolant to pass through the membrane out of the local reservoir into an ambient environment and to prevent unvaporized coolant from passing through the membrane. The membrane is thereby configured to provide passive flow control for the liquid coolant. The membrane could include a vapor-permeable and liquid-repelling membrane. The membrane can also be configured to hold the liquid coolant in the local reservoir against one or more surfaces of the heat sink.

An apparatus includes a heat sink configured to receive thermal energy from one or more heat sources. The heat sink includes a local reservoir configured to hold a liquid coolant, and the heat sink is configured to pass the thermal energy into the liquid coolant in the local reservoir in order to vaporize at least some of the liquid coolant. The apparatus also includes a membrane configured to allow vaporized coolant to pass through the membrane out of the local reservoir into an ambient environment and to prevent unvaporized coolant from passing through the membrane. The membrane is thereby configured to provide passive flow control for the liquid coolant. The membrane could include a vapor-permeable and liquid-repelling membrane. The membrane can also be configured to hold the liquid coolant in the local reservoir against one or more surfaces of the heat sink.

A cooling garment cooling device includes: a water delivery hose with a cooling water supply portion and cooling water branch portion; a pump supplying cooling water from the cooling water supply portion toward the cooling water branch portion; and plural branched water hoses having a first end-side water supply portion and second end-side water supply portion coupled to the cooling water branch portion. A portion of the branched water hoses between the first end-side water supply portion and second end-side water supply portion serves as a water outlet portion. Each branched water hose diameter is smaller than the water delivery hose diameter. The outer peripheral portion of the water outlet portion of each branched water hose orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the branched water hose has plural water passage holes with opening areas smaller than those of the first end-side water supply portion and second end-side water supply portion.

A cooling garment cooling device includes: a water delivery hose with a cooling water supply portion and cooling water branch portion; a pump supplying cooling water from the cooling water supply portion toward the cooling water branch portion; and plural branched water hoses having a first end-side water supply portion and second end-side water supply portion coupled to the cooling water branch portion. A portion of the branched water hoses between the first end-side water supply portion and second end-side water supply portion serves as a water outlet portion. Each branched water hose diameter is smaller than the water delivery hose diameter. The outer peripheral portion of the water outlet portion of each branched water hose orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the branched water hose has plural water passage holes with opening areas smaller than those of the first end-side water supply portion and second end-side water supply portion.

A thermal management system includes an open circuit refrigeration circuit that has a refrigerant fluid flow path, with the refrigerant fluid flow path including a receiver configured to store a refrigerant fluid, a first control device configured to receive refrigerant from the receiver, a liquid separator, and an evaporator configured to extract heat from a heat load that contacts the evaporator, with the evaporator coupled to the first control device and the liquid separator. The system includes a pump having an inlet and an outlet, with the outlet of the pump coupled to the liquid side outlet of the liquid separator and a second control device that is coupled to an exhaust line, that is coupled to the vapor side outlet of the liquid separator through the second control device. In operation, the evaporator in the open circuit refrigeration circuit would be coupled to a heat load.

A thermal management system includes an open circuit refrigeration circuit that has a refrigerant fluid flow path, with the refrigerant fluid flow path including a receiver configured to store a refrigerant fluid, a first control device configured to receive refrigerant from the receiver, a liquid separator, and an evaporator configured to extract heat from a heat load that contacts the evaporator, with the evaporator coupled to the first control device and the liquid separator. The system includes a pump having an inlet and an outlet, with the outlet of the pump coupled to the liquid side outlet of the liquid separator and a second control device that is coupled to an exhaust line, that is coupled to the vapor side outlet of the liquid separator through the second control device. In operation, the evaporator in the open circuit refrigeration circuit would be coupled to a heat load.

A thermal management system includes a closed-circuit refrigeration system that includes a vapor cycle system (VCS) and a liquid pumping system (LPS). The VCS includes a receiver that stores a refrigerant fluid and a liquid separator. The vapor cycle system is configured to operate in one or more operational modes including at least one of a TES cooling mode, a heat load cooling mode, or a pump-down mode. The LPS includes a thermal energy storage (TES) that stores a phase change material (PCM) and a pump fluidly coupled to at least one evaporator. The evaporator is configured to extract heat from a heat load that is in thermal conductive or convective contact to the evaporator to transfer heat to the refrigerant fluid and provide the refrigerant fluid from an evaporator outlet to the TES.