The cooling systems and methods of the present disclosure involve modular fluid coolers and chillers configured for optimal power and water use based on environmental conditions and client requirements. The fluid coolers include wet media, a first fluid circuit for distributing fluid across wet media, an air to fluid heat exchanger, and an air to refrigerant heat exchanger. The chillers, which are fluidly coupled to the fluid coolers via pipe cages, include a second fluid circuit in fluid communication with the air to fluid heat exchanger and a refrigerant circuit in thermal communication with the second fluid circuit and in fluid communication with the air to refrigerant heat exchanger. Pipe cages are coupled together to allow for expansion of the cooling system when additional cooling capacity is needed. The fluid coolers and chillers are configured to selectively operate in wet or dry free cooling mode, partial free cooling mode, or mechanical cooling mode.

A system and method of controlling temperature of a medium by refrigerant vaporization, or working gas condensation, or a combination of both, the system including a container, at least one a working gas reservoir having at least one reservoir section that includes a wall with an exterior surface structured to be thermally coupled with a volume of the medium in the container and to provide a volume of medium thermal coverage in the container, a condensation apparatus to provide regulation of working gas condensation in the reservoir, whereby the working gas reservoir forms a vapor space in each of the at least one reservoir section in response to receiving the working gas and to the condensation apparatus regulation of condensation to enable working gas condensation at or near a selected temperature of the volume of medium in the container that is thermally coupled to the respective reservoir section.

A refrigeration cycle apparatus includes: a compressor; a condenser; an expansion valve; an evaporator; and a control device. The compressor compresses refrigerant. The condenser condenses the refrigerant output from the compressor. The expansion valve decompresses the refrigerant output from the condenser. The evaporator evaporates the refrigerant output from the expansion valve for output to the compressor. In the case of stopping the compressor, the control device executes control for increasing a degree of superheat of the refrigerant output from the evaporator to the compressor, and then stops the compressor.

According to one embodiment, a heat transport apparatus includes an evaporator, a cooling unit, a channel structure, and a heating mechanism. The evaporator vaporizes a refrigerant by heat generated by a heat-generating element. The cooling unit is provided above the evaporator and cools and condenses the refrigerant vaporized in the evaporator. The channel structure constitutes a channel through which the refrigerant circulates between the evaporator and the cooling unit. The heating mechanism heats the cooling unit and suppresses solidification of the refrigerant at the cooling unit.

A refrigerated transport system (20) comprises a body (22) enclosing a refrigerated compartment (69). A refrigeration system (30) comprises: a vapor compression loop (31) having a first heat exchanger (38) positioned to reject heat to an external environment in a cooling mode. A heat transfer loop (32) has a second heat exchanger (58) positioned to absorb heat from the refrigerated compartment in the cooling mode. An inter-loop heat exchanger (44) has a first leg (42) along the vapor compression loop and a second leg (43) along the heat transfer loop in heat exchange relation with the first leg.

A heat-activated fluid pump heats and cools a building. For cooling, an evaporator, coupled to a solar heater or comprising multi-pane windows with solar radiation-absorbent areas thermally coupled to a fluid cavity, converts a working fluid into a vapor. A pressure control valve allows vaporized working fluid into a liquid-piston chamber whenever a target pressure in the evaporator is exceeded. The working fluid expands, displacing liquid from the liquid-piston chamber in a pump stage where it enters a condenser situated in a vertical hole or covered horizontal trench in the ground. Ground-temperature pumped fluid returning to the liquid-piston chamber in a suction stage passes along the way through coils in rooms of the building. Check valves allow replenishment of the evaporator with return working fluid and direct flow of pumped fluid into and out of the liquid-piston chamber. For heating, the evaporator is in the ground.

A heat-activated fluid pump heats and cools a building. For cooling, an evaporator, coupled to a solar heater or comprising multi-pane windows with solar radiation-absorbent areas thermally coupled to a fluid cavity, converts a working fluid into a vapor. A pressure control valve allows vaporized working fluid into a liquid-piston chamber whenever a target pressure in the evaporator is exceeded. The working fluid expands, displacing liquid from the liquid-piston chamber in a pump stage where it enters a condenser situated in a vertical hole or covered horizontal trench in the ground. Ground-temperature pumped fluid returning to the liquid-piston chamber in a suction stage passes along the way through coils in rooms of the building. Check valves allow replenishment of the evaporator with return working fluid and direct flow of pumped fluid into and out of the liquid-piston chamber. For heating, the evaporator is in the ground.

The present prevention provides a surface coating for cooling a surface by light scattering comprising a plurality of successive layers, each of the layers may be comprised of a plurality of spheres arranged to form a structure comprised of packed spheres. Each layer may have a different arrangement of packed spheres to create to a different light scattering property in each of the layers. The coating of the structures may also be formed by randomly packed spheres and the spheres may have a uniform diameter.

A radiative cooling film and a product thereof are provided. The radiative cooling film includes a carrier layer, a reflective layer and an emissive layer stacked together. A light shines on the radiative cooling film from the emissive layer. The emissive layer includes a polymer containing a CF bond. The carrier layer includes a polymer containing at least one of a CC bond and a CO bond. After disposing at 120 degrees centigrade for 30 minutes, a transverse direction heat-shrinkage rate of the carrier layer is less than or equal to 2%, and a machine direction heat-shrinkage rate of the carrier layer is less than or equal to 3%. A thickness of the radiative cooling film is in a range of 50 m to 170 m, and a thickness of the emissive layer accounts for 20% to 90% of the thickness of the radiative cooling film.

A closed loop refrigeration system using a gas hydrate having a temperature below 0 C. has: a first circulation loop extending through a gas hydrate formation device 1, an object 2 to be cooled and a separator 3 and back to the formation device 1 and including a gas hydrate line 10 for transporting a gas hydrate having a temperature below 0 C.; and a second circulation loop for gas extending through the formation device 1, a compressor 4, a cooler 5 and a decompressor 6 and back to the formation device 1, wherein an object to be transported in the first circulation loop is transported together with a liquid carrier.