A cooling system includes a first cooling loop, a second cooling loop and a heat exchanger configured to transfer heat from the first cooling loop to the second cooling loop. The first cooling loop includes a vapor/liquid separation feature configured to separate vapor present in the first cooling loop due to a leak between the first cooling loop and the second cooling loop. The first cooling loop also includes a pressure sensor configured to detect an increase in pressure in the first cooling loop that may result from a leak of second coolant into the first cooling loop.

A process is disclosed for cooling a material that includes semiconductor nanoparticles in matrix material by anti-Stokes up-conversion. The semiconductor nanoparticle matrix is irradiated by a laser with a photonic wavelength matched to the anti-Stokes photoluminescence of the semiconductor nanoparticle bandgap. The semiconductor nanoparticles absorb the laser photon and phonons (heat) from lattice vibrations to photoluminescence photons with higher energy than the photon that were absorbed. A net cooling effect is generated from the lower energy and lower temperature in the material after anti-Stoke up-conversion.

A cooling system includes a first cooling loop, a second cooling loop and a heat exchanger configured to transfer heat from the first cooling loop to the second cooling loop. The first cooling loop includes a vapor/liquid separation feature configured to separate vapor present in the first cooling loop due to a leak between the first cooling loop and the second cooling loop. The first cooling loop also includes a pressure sensor configured to detect an increase in pressure in the first cooling loop that may result from a leak of second coolant into the first cooling loop.

A refrigeration system includes a heat exchanger configured to place a cooling fluid in a heat exchange relationship with a working fluid, a free-cooling circuit having a pump configured to circulate the working fluid through the heat exchanger and a condenser, a flow control valve configured to control a flow rate of the working fluid to the condenser, a condenser bypass valve configured to control a flow rate of the working fluid that bypasses the condenser, and a controller configured to adjust a position of the flow control valve, a position of the condenser bypass valve, a speed of a fan of the condenser, a speed of the pump, and a temperature of a heater based on an ambient temperature, a temperature of the working fluid leaving the condenser, the position of the flow control valve, the position of the condenser bypass valve, or a combination thereof.

A material may be included in a cooling film or cooling panel to achieve cooling even under direct solar irradiation. The material includes one or more constituent materials and an outer surface configured to interact thermally with the atmosphere and with solar radiation. The material exhibits an emissivity of at least 0.8 in spectral range of 5 μm to 15 μm, an ultraviolet reflectivity of at least 0.5 in the spectral range of 275 nm to 375 nm, an ultraviolet absorptivity of at least 0.75 in the spectral range of 275 nm to 375 nm, or a combination thereof. A cooling film, or cooling panel, may be affixed to an exterior surface of a vehicle, structure, or system to provide cooling even under direct solar irradiance.

Provided is a multilayer structure including a radiator, a base material layer that includes a region forming an interface in an internal structure, and a first air layer that is provided between the radiator and the base material layer, in which a far-infrared transmittance B of the base material layer and a solar light reflectance A of the multilayer structure satisfy B/(100−A)>7, and a solar light reflectance C of the base material layer is 30% or more.

Various aspects as described herein are directed to a radiative cooling apparatuses and methods for cooling an object. As consistent with one or more embodiments, a radiative cooling apparatus includes an arrangement of a plurality of different material located at different depths along a depth dimension relative to the object. The plurality of different material includes a solar spectrum reflecting portion configured and arranged to suppress light modes, thereby inhibiting coupling of the incoming electromagnetic radiation, of at least some wavelengths in the solar spectrum, to the object at a range of angles of incidence relative to the depth dimension. Further, the plurality of material includes a thermally-emissive arrangement configured and arranged to facilitate, simultaneously with the inhibiting coupling of the incoming electromagnetic radiation, the thermally-generated electromagnetic emissions from the object at the range of angles of incidence and in mid-IR wavelengths.

A heat exchanger module includes a condenser unit and an evaporator unit. The evaporator unit includes N pieces of parallel-flow heat exchangers arranged adjacently, and the coolant temperatures reduce gradually from the first to Nth parallel-flow heat exchangers along an air flow direction in the evaporator unit. A counter-current mounting method is adopted in the parallel-flow heat exchangers of the evaporator unit in the heat exchanger module provided by the present invention. The coolant temperature of each parallel-flow heat exchanger is lower than that of the previous one, the temperature difference between air and coolant is relatively uniform by using the counter-current method so as to reach a better heat exchange effect.

A device for supplying cold energy, heat energy and electrical energy by efficiently converting renewable deep-space energies includes a solar-energy conversion device, a radiation refrigeration device, a rotary bracket, a dip-angle adjustment component, and a support base. The solar-energy conversion device and the radiation refrigeration device are connected to the rotary bracket in a mutually perpendicular manner, and the rotary bracket is connected to the dip-angle adjustment component which is connected to the support base. The dip-angle adjustment component is configured to adjust a dip angle between the rotary bracket and a horizontal plane, and the rotary bracket is configured to drive the solar-energy conversion device and the radiation refrigeration device to rotate, such that a sunward side of the solar-energy conversion device is always perpendicular to light rays irradiated by the sun, and a reflective surface of the radiation refrigeration device is always parallel to the light rays.

A method for producing heat transfer between two or more media and a device or system for carry out said method, usable for air conditioning a space, or any use that requires heat transfer between two or more media to be used for domestic, commercial or industrial use.