A thermal management system includes a refrigerant receiver having a refrigerant receiver outlet and a refrigerant receiver inlet, with the refrigerant receiver configured to store a refrigerant fluid, an ejector having a primary flow inlet coupled to receive the refrigerant fluid from the receiver, a secondary flow inlet and an outlet. The system also includes a liquid separator having an inlet, a vapor side outlet, and a liquid side outlet, an evaporator arrangement to extract heat from a heat load proximate or in contact with the evaporator arrangement, with the evaporator arrangement coupled to the ejector and the liquid separator, a closed-circuit refrigeration system having a closed-circuit fluid path including the refrigerant receiver, the evaporator arrangement, and the liquid separator, the closed-circuit refrigeration system configured to receive refrigerant fluid from the refrigerant receiver, and an open-circuit refrigeration system having an open-circuit fluid path that includes the receiver, the evaporator arrangement, and the liquid separator, that is configured to receive refrigerant fluid from the refrigerant receiver.

A cryogenic energy system for cooling and powering an indoor environment includes a cryogenic open loop comprising a cryogen source to supply a cryogen and at least one transfer-expansion stage in fluid connection with the cryogen source, each transfer-expansion stage comprising at least one heat exchanger for heat transfer therein from a hot fluid to the cryogen and a power unit for expansion therein of the cryogen that has been heated in the at least one heat exchanger to generate electricity, the at least one heat exchanger including an evaporator; and a heat supply open loop configured to provide the hot fluid for heat exchange with the cryogen in the at least one heat exchanger; the cryogenic energy system configured to perform heat removal from a first heat transfer loop of a conventional cooling system, the first heat transfer loop transferring heat obtained from air in the indoor environment.

A cryogenic energy system for cooling and powering an indoor environment includes a cryogenic open loop comprising a cryogen source to supply a cryogen and at least one transfer-expansion stage in fluid connection with the cryogen source, each transfer-expansion stage comprising at least one heat exchanger for heat transfer therein from a hot fluid to the cryogen and a power unit for expansion therein of the cryogen that has been heated in the at least one heat exchanger to generate electricity, the at least one heat exchanger including an evaporator; and a heat supply open loop configured to provide the hot fluid for heat exchange with the cryogen in the at least one heat exchanger; the cryogenic energy system configured to perform heat removal from a first heat transfer loop of a conventional cooling system, the first heat transfer loop transferring heat obtained from air in the indoor environment.

A free cooling unit including a heat exchanger to allow heat exchange between a first fluid and a second fluid; a first pumping assembly to pump the first fluid through a first hydraulic circuit from a first inlet port of the unit to a first outlet port of the unit; a second pumping assembly to pump the second fluid through a second hydraulic circuit from a second inlet port of the unit to a second outlet port of the module and a control module to control the functioning of the unit. The unit further includes a diverter assembly arranged between the first pumping assembly and the heat exchanger and configured to switch between a first state in which the first fluid is directed through the heat exchanger before reaching the first outlet port and a second state in which the first fluid is directly directed to the first outlet port.

The cooling systems of the present disclosure include a first refrigerant circuit in thermal communication with a heat load and in fluid communication with a main condenser, a free cooling circuit in fluid communication with the main condenser and a free-cooled water source, a chilled water circuit in fluid communication with the main condenser and an evaporator, and a second refrigerant circuit in fluid communication with the evaporator and a secondary condenser. The free cooling circuit is in thermal communication with the first refrigerant circuit via the main condenser, the chilled water circuit is in thermal communication with the first refrigerant circuit via the main condenser, and the second refrigeration circuit is in thermal communication with the chilled water circuit and the free cooling circuit. The second refrigeration circuit cools a fluid flowing in the chilled water circuit. Methods of operating a cooling system are also disclosed.

A heat management apparatus comprises a first heat exchange portion, a second heat exchange portion and a throttle unit, wherein the first heat exchange portion is used for exchanging heat between a refrigerant throttled by the throttle unit, and a cooling liquid; and a first wall of the first heat exchange portion and a second wall of the second heat exchange portion are arranged opposite each other, such that the structure of the heat management apparatus is relatively compact.

A cooling system includes a cooling device having a first cooling coil and a second cooling coil, a first heat transfer fluid in fluid communication with the first cooling coil, a second heat transfer fluid in fluid communication with the second cooling coil, a first heat exchanger in fluid communication with the first heat transfer fluid and the second heat transfer fluid, a second heat exchanger in fluid communication with the second heat transfer fluid and a source of external air, a system of fluid control devices in fluid communication with the second heat transfer fluid and configured to minimize a change in a total pressure drop of the second heat transfer fluid when the cooling system switches between operating modes, and a controller configured to selectively control the cooling device and the system of fluid control devices to operate the cooling system in each of the operating modes.

A thermal management system is described. The thermal management system includes a receiver configured to store a refrigerant, the receiver having a receiver inlet and a receiver outlet, a closed-circuit refrigeration system including a vapor compression closed-circuit system that includes the receiver, and a closed-circuit system that includes the receiver, wherein the closed-circuit refrigeration system is configurable to receive refrigerant from the receiver through one or both of the vapor compression closed-circuit system and the closed-circuit system.

A heat pump includes a refrigerant loop. The refrigerant loop includes a compressor, a first condenser, a vapor generator having a first region and a second region, a first expansion valve, a second expansion valve, and a first evaporator. A branching point is positioned between the first condenser and the vapor generator. The branching point diverts a portion of a first heat exchange fluid circulating through the refrigerant loop to the vapor generator. The first expansion valve is positioned between the branching point and the vapor generator. An outlet vapor generator is coupled to a mid-pressure inlet port of the compressor.

A chilled water distribution system includes a chilled water loop in fluid communication with a plurality of buildings and also in fluid communication with a plurality of chiller stations. A monitoring and control system communicates with one of the chiller stations, hereinafter referred to as a “controlled” chiller station because it is configured with one or more variable frequency drives that are controlled by the monitoring and control system to modulate the speed of at least one chiller station component such as, but not limited to, a pump or a fan. By way of this modulation process, a differential pressure of the chilled water loop may be maintained in a “sweet spot” so as to optimize chiller station output while minimizing chiller station energy consumption.