An active regenerator in a magnetocaloric or an electrocaloric heat pump refrigeration system provides more efficient flow of heat. The heat exchange fluid moves synchronously with the motion of a magnetic or electric field. Only a portion of the length of the active regenerator bed is introduced to or removed from the field at one time, giving rise to a hot pulse and a cold pulse. Valves may direct the hot pulse and/or the cold pulse to supplement refrigeration.

The present invention includes a heat exchanger reactive to external and internal temperatures for carrying a working fluid, including two pairs of nested pipes; each pair including one pipe with a channel portion and a stress relief portion and a second pipe with just a channel portion, one of said pipes enclosing the other with an interference fit and both pipes having different coefficients of thermal expansion. The first pair of pipes positioned co-axially with and encompassing the second pair. A fluid is positioned in the space defined by the inner surface of outer pair of pipes and the outer surface of inner pair of pipes. The two pipe pairs have positions responsive to the internal and external temperatures in which the space defined by pipe pairs is either minimized or maximized by expansion and contraction of the pipe pairs caused by differences in coefficients of thermal expansion.

A diffusion pump is provided that includes a housing and a boiling chamber connected to the housing. The boiling chamber has a heating element. The housing has a nozzle that is connected to the boiling chamber. The housing also has a condenser is arranged at an internal surface, where the condenser has a cooling system. The boiling chamber is thermally isolated from the condenser by an isolator. The cooling system is at least partially a water cooling system and is connected to the heating element via a heat pump such that heat from the condenser is supplied to the heating element.

A diffusion pump is provided that includes a housing and a boiling chamber connected to the housing. The boiling chamber has a heating element. The housing has a nozzle that is connected to the boiling chamber. The housing also has a condenser is arranged at an internal surface, where the condenser has a cooling system. The boiling chamber is thermally isolated from the condenser by an isolator. The cooling system is at least partially a water cooling system and is connected to the heating element via a heat pump such that heat from the condenser is supplied to the heating element.

A heat pump has an evaporator for evaporating water as a working liquid so as to produce a working vapor, the evaporation taking place at an evaporation pressure of less than 20 hPa. The working vapor is compressed to a working pressure of at least 25 hPa by a dynamic-type compressor so as to then be liquefied within a liquefier by direct contact with liquefier water. The heat pump is preferably an open system, wherein water present in the environment in the form of ground water, sea water, river water, lake water or brine is evaporated, and wherein water which has been liquefied again is fed to the evaporator, to the soil or to a water treatment plant.

A heat pump has an evaporator for evaporating water as a working liquid so as to produce a working vapor, the evaporation taking place at an evaporation pressure of less than 20 hPa. The working vapor is compressed to a working pressure of at least 25 hPa by a dynamic-type compressor so as to then be liquefied within a liquefier by direct contact with liquefier water. The heat pump is preferably an open system, wherein water present in the environment in the form of ground water, sea water, river water, lake water or brine is evaporated, and wherein water which has been liquefied again is fed to the evaporator, to the soil or to a water treatment plant.

Provided is an hybrid solar heat absorption cooling system comprising: an absorption refrigerator; a solar heat steam generator configured to generate steam using solar heat; a daytime steam supplying unit configured to supply steam generated by the solar heat steam generator during the day as a heat source for the absorption refrigerator; a daytime hot water storage tank configured to store hot water discharged from the absorption refrigerator during the day; a nighttime hot water supplying unit configured to supply hot water stored in the daytime hot water storage tank during the night as a heat source for the absorption refrigerator; a nighttime hot water storage tank configured to store hot water discharged from the absorption refrigerator during the night; and a daytime hot water supplying unit configured to supply hot water stored in the nighttime hot water storage tank during the day to the solar heat steam generator.

Provided is an hybrid solar heat absorption cooling system comprising: an absorption refrigerator; a solar heat steam generator configured to generate steam using solar heat; a daytime steam supplying unit configured to supply steam generated by the solar heat steam generator during the day as a heat source for the absorption refrigerator; a daytime hot water storage tank configured to store hot water discharged from the absorption refrigerator during the day; a nighttime hot water supplying unit configured to supply hot water stored in the daytime hot water storage tank during the night as a heat source for the absorption refrigerator; a nighttime hot water storage tank configured to store hot water discharged from the absorption refrigerator during the night; and a daytime hot water supplying unit configured to supply hot water stored in the nighttime hot water storage tank during the day to the solar heat steam generator.

A heat pump system comprising an external unit that includes an external unit heat exchanger and an external unit reservoir configured to receive fluid from the external unit heat exchanger. The heat pump system further comprises a fluid handling system that includes one or more sprayers configured to obtain fluid from the external unit reservoir and expel the obtained fluid from the external unit.

A heat pump system comprising an external unit that includes an external unit heat exchanger and an external unit reservoir configured to receive fluid from the external unit heat exchanger. The heat pump system further comprises a fluid handling system that includes one or more sprayers configured to obtain fluid from the external unit reservoir and expel the obtained fluid from the external unit.