A refrigeration system includes: a leak sensor disposed within a building and configured to measure an amount of refrigerant that has leaked from the refrigeration system within the building; an estimation module configured to determine an estimated amount of refrigerant that has leaked from the refrigeration system within the building based on the measured amount; and a leak module configured to: determine whether a leak is present in the refrigeration system within the building based on the estimated amount of refrigerant that has leaked from the refrigeration system; and take one or more remedial actions when a leak is present in the refrigeration system within the building.

An expansion valve for an air conditioning system of a motor vehicle may include a housing, a sensor, a stepping motor or a BLDC motor, a valve seat, and a valve body. The stepping motor or the BLDC motor may include a rotor and a stator surrounding the rotor. The rotor may include a permanent magnet body connected non-rotatably therewith. A separating can may be provided that surrounds the rotor and separates a wet region on a rotor side from a dry region on a stator side. The sensor may be connected with the separating can via an adhesive layer formed as a heat-conductive layer.

A method of controlling an HVAC circuit, comprises allowing refrigerant to circulate within the HVAC circuit, wherein the HVAC circuit comprises an evaporator coil, a condenser coil, at least one fan configured to provide airflow to the condenser coil, at least one expansion valve, and at least one compressor. The method continues by receiving a temperature measurement and determining based on the temperature measurement, a minimum fan speed configured to avoid pressure spikes within the condenser coil. The method concludes by sending a signal to the at the least one fan to direct the at least one fan to spin at a rate greater than or equal to the minimum fan speed when the measured temperature is less than a predetermined temperature, wherein, when the refrigerant circulates through the condenser coil, the minimum fan speed is greater than zero rotations per minute.

An air conditioning apparatus and a method for controlling an air conditioning apparatus are provided. The air conditioning apparatus may include a controller that performs an abnormal operation diagnosis of the air conditioning apparatus based on an output signal of a pump, thereby directly checking introduction of air into pipes or clogging of valves.

There is provided a maintenance recommendation system that creates an estimation model of failure modes of a new model of a device only from an occurrence probability of a failure mode. Based on an estimation model for an old model, the occurrence probability of a failure mode where a component is changed from the old model is updated only on a spot of a component change, and this creates an estimation model of failure modes intended for a new model newly commercially available. Thus, the attachment of the inspection result and the failure mode of a faulty facility is learned, an estimation model of failure modes is created to support facility maintenance services for a new model newly commercially available having a small amount of data of inspection results in failure daily reports for difficulty in learning.

A determination device includes a refrigerant circuit, an operation determination unit, and a refrigerant determination unit. The refrigerant circuit is made of a compressor, a condenser, an expansion mechanism, and an evaporator that are circularly connected. In a refrigeration cycle operation in accordance with a quantity of heat required by the condensers or the evaporators, the operation determination unit determines whether the refrigeration cycle operation can be normally carried out or not. Upon determination that the refrigeration cycle operation cannot be normally carried out, the refrigerant determination unit determines whether a refrigerant in the refrigerant circuit is regenerable or not, based on a result of the determination. Thus the determination device is provided by which an effort involved with determination as to whether the refrigerant is regenerable or not can be reduced.

An apparatus and a method for detecting refrigerant leakage in an air source heat pump system. The method for detecting refrigerant leakage in an air source heat pump system includes the following steps in a cooling mode: S110: obtaining a running parameter of an air source heat pump system, wherein the running parameter at least includes a compressor rotational speed; S120: comparing the running parameter with a preset running parameter range; S130: updating a cumulative score when the running parameter falls within the preset running parameter range; and S140: when the cumulative score exceeds a predetermined cumulative score, determining that refrigerant leakage occurs, and when the cumulative score does not exceed the predetermined cumulative score, return to step S110.

An air conditioning apparatus includes utilization-side units each including a first refrigerant circuit, a heat source-side unit including a second refrigerant circuit, a connection pipe group, and a relay unit. The relay unit is disposed between the first refrigerant circuit and the second refrigerant circuit, and blocks a flammable refrigerant flowing through the connection pipe group. The utilization-side units are disposed in a utilization-side unit group that is a group of two or more utilization-side units. The relay unit blocks a flow of the refrigerant between the first refrigerant circuit and the second refrigerant circuit. The connection pipe group connects the first refrigerant circuit and the refrigerant shut-off unit. The connection pipe group has one or both of a length and an internal volume, which is fixed based on information on capabilities of the two utilization-side units.

A refrigeration system includes a heat exchanger configured to provide superheat control for the low temperature low pressure gas refrigerant flowing out of the evaporator and through the first side of the heat exchanger by transferring heat from the high pressure high temperature superheated gas refrigerant flowing through a second side of the heat exchanger. A modulating solenoid valve is located at the inlet of the second side of the heat exchanger and configured to modulate the flow of high pressure high temperature superheated gas refrigerant flowing through the second side of the heat exchanger. A temperature sensor is located in such a way as to measure the temperature of the gas refrigerant flowing out of the evaporator and through the first side of the heat exchanger. A controller is configured to calculate the superheat of the gas refrigerant based on the measured temperature and measured pressure of the gas refrigerant and may compare the calculated superheat to a superheat threshold. If the calculated superheat is less than the superheat threshold, the controller will modulate the flow the high pressure high temperature gas refrigerant flowing through the second side of the heat exchanger. The refrigeration system may be activated in a variety of methods by appropriate control of the valves and other system components.

Embodiments of systems and methods for a TRS to automatically sense a voltage level and configuration of an input AC power provided by an AC power source and automatically adapt to the input AC power being used are provided. When the voltage level of an input AC power supplied to a TRS changes, the TRS can automatically detect the change of the voltage level, and adjust a winding configuration of a compressor motor of the TRS and a voltage level of the TRS based on the detected voltage level of the input AC power.