A semi-passive cooling system for a component exposed to a fluid flow utilizes a hierarchical vasculature and a sacrificial transpirant to cool the component. The component includes a body that defines a transpirant reservoir and the hierarchical vasculature. The transpirant is configured to transition between a solid phase and a vapor phase over an operating temperature range of the component.

A once-through dry adiabatic cooler having a water distribution system, a waste water sensor, and a controller, where the amount of waste water, if any, is detected, and the amount of water distributed to an air flow path adjacent to the coils of said cooler is adjusted so that the amount of water detected is as close to zero as possible, or, in the case of the use of adiabatic pads that require flushing, only the amount of water necessary to flush salt and other minerals from said pads.

An air conditioning apparatus includes a housing, a cooling module, a cover, and a joint unit. The housing has a first side wall, a second side wall and a base, wherein one side of the first side wall and one side of the second side wall are respectively connected to opposite sides of the base; the first side wall, the second side wall and the base join together to define an accommodating space, a first gate, a second gate and a third gate thereamong; the cooling module is disposed in the accommodating space; the cover is disposed on the first gate; and the joint unit is disposed on the surface of the first side wall, the second side wall, the base or the cover.

A cooler cabinet comprises: a storage compartment (130) for food or beverage products (130); a dispensing mechanism (143) for dispensing the food or beverage products (144) from the storage compartment without opening the storage compartment to ambient air; a water-retaining material (120) outside the storage compartment but in contact with it; an air channel (111) in contact with the water-retaining material; and means (114) for moving air through the air channel such that the air increases the rate of evaporation of water from the water-retaining material. It thereby withdraws heat from the water-retaining material and causes cooling of the interior of the cabinet, including the food or beverage products.

A cooler cabinet comprises: a storage compartment (130) for food or beverage products (130); a dispensing mechanism (143) for dispensing the food or beverage products (144) from the storage compartment without opening the storage compartment to ambient air; a water-retaining material (120) outside the storage compartment but in contact with it; an air channel (111) in contact with the water-retaining material; and means (114) for moving air through the air channel such that the air increases the rate of evaporation of water from the water-retaining material. It thereby withdraws heat from the water-retaining material and causes cooling of the interior of the cabinet, including the food or beverage products.

A spray structure for temperature regulation includes a spray system and a heat exchange cycling system. The heat exchange cycling system includes a thermal chip for providing a temperature regulation water which is received in the spray system to exchange energies. After the temperature regulation water is flowed through the thermal chip to exchange energies, the temperature regulation water is atomized by the spray system to regulate an inner temperature inside a space.

A spray structure for temperature regulation includes a spray system and a heat exchange cycling system. The heat exchange cycling system includes a thermal chip for providing a temperature regulation water which is received in the spray system to exchange energies. After the temperature regulation water is flowed through the thermal chip to exchange energies, the temperature regulation water is atomized by the spray system to regulate an inner temperature inside a space.

A staged dry out process and control system for an evaporative media cooling system having a plurality of media stages that are selectively activated and deactivated by a control system is disclosed. The staged dry out process ensures that wet media stages are appropriately dried with minimal disruption to the staging strategy implemented by the control system. In one aspect, the staged dry out process monitors deactivated media stages to determine if the media stages reach a dry state before being activated. In another aspect, the staged dry out process locks out a media stage that has been in a wet state beyond a predetermined maximum time limit until the media stage attains a dry state. With this strategy the cooling system can operate without being required to completely shut down for a drying process.

A staged dry out process and control system for an evaporative media cooling system having a plurality of media stages that are selectively activated and deactivated by a control system is disclosed. The staged dry out process ensures that wet media stages are appropriately dried with minimal disruption to the staging strategy implemented by the control system. In one aspect, the staged dry out process monitors deactivated media stages to determine if the media stages reach a dry state before being activated. In another aspect, the staged dry out process locks out a media stage that has been in a wet state beyond a predetermined maximum time limit until the media stage attains a dry state. With this strategy the cooling system can operate without being required to completely shut down for a drying process.

A cycles of concentration (COC) control process and system for an evaporative media cooling system having a water storage tank in fluid communication with a drain valve and a refill valve is disclosed. In one step, the COC control process includes the step of executing a plurality of discrete refill events to maintain a level or volume of water within the storage tank. In another step, the COC control process includes the step of executing a discrete drain event, equaling the volume of a refill event, after a discrete refill event has been executed when necessary to maintain a target cycles of concentration value of the water within the storage tank. In one embodiment, a discrete drain event is executed when the number of refill events is greater than or equals a target cycles of concentration of the water in the storage tank.