A heat receiver is configured to cool down a liquid crystal panel in a rectangular shape used for a liquid crystal projector that causes light to be transmitted through the liquid crystal panel and thereby displays a projected image. The heat receiver includes a window portion in a rectangular shape formed to come into contact with an outer periphery of the liquid crystal panel; a flat annular flow path formed on an outer circumferential side of the window portion to surround the window portion and configured to have a narrowed portion in a region along one side of the window portion; and two supply discharge flow paths formed in a neighborhood of two corners of the window portion arranged across the narrowed portion to supply and discharge a heat exchange medium.

Systems and apparatus for providing long-term cold storage of solid materials such as dry ice are disclosed. The solid materials are stored in a tank configured to maintain the materials in their solid state. The tank is designed with a port sufficiently large to facilitate ingress and egress of the solid materials. A cryogenic liquid is used within the tank to substantially prevent the solid materials from sticking to each other, and to maintain the solid materials at a low temperature.

Systems and methods for identifying, tracking usage of, and replenishing products on a shelf of a product storage unit include a pressure sensor array positioned on the shelf and configured to detect forces exerted on the pressure sensor array by each of the products located on the shelf. An electronic database stores reference pressure array data representative of a reference pressure data model relative to each of the products. A computing device obtains a pressure data set associated with a product that was captured by the pressure sensor array when the product was positioned on the pressure sensor array, and correlates the pressure data set associated with the product with the reference pressure array data stored in the electronic database to determine an identity of the product and a consumption level of the product, automatically replenishing the product when consumption of the product is above a set threshold.

Systems and methods for identifying, tracking usage of, and replenishing products on a shelf of a product storage unit include a pressure sensor array positioned on the shelf and configured to detect forces exerted on the pressure sensor array by each of the products located on the shelf. An electronic database stores reference pressure array data representative of a reference pressure data model relative to each of the products. A computing device obtains a pressure data set associated with a product that was captured by the pressure sensor array when the product was positioned on the pressure sensor array, and correlates the pressure data set associated with the product with the reference pressure array data stored in the electronic database to determine an identity of the product and a consumption level of the product, automatically replenishing the product when consumption of the product is above a set threshold.

A cooling medium flow path structure is for use at a joint of a robot. The joint of the robot includes an N-th link and an N+1-th link. A tubular projection extends from a first wall constituting the N-th link, and a motor is located on the first wall. The cooling medium flow path structure is annularly or tubularly shaped such that an inner peripheral surface of the cooling medium flow path structure is located outside an outer peripheral surface of the motor. The cooling medium flow path structure includes an internal cooling medium flow path through which a cooling medium flows.

A cooling device includes an immersion tank to store a coolant where an electronic component is immersed and cause the coolant to evaporate by heat from the electronic component into vapor, a condenser tube including a starting end to which the vapor is supplied and a termination end from which the condensed vapor is discharged, an isolating part arranged in a midway part of the condenser tube, a coolant tank to accommodate the termination end of the condenser tube and the isolating part inside and store the coolant discharged from the condenser tube, an air tube that has a starting end coupled to the coolant tank and a termination end coupled to the starting end of the condenser tube, a liquid tube to supply the coolant from the coolant tank to the immersion tank, and a steam tube to supply the vapor from the immersion tank to the condenser tube.

A cooling device includes an immersion tank to store a coolant where an electronic component is immersed and cause the coolant to evaporate by heat from the electronic component into vapor, a condenser tube including a starting end to which the vapor is supplied and a termination end from which the condensed vapor is discharged, an isolating part arranged in a midway part of the condenser tube, a coolant tank to accommodate the termination end of the condenser tube and the isolating part inside and store the coolant discharged from the condenser tube, an air tube that has a starting end coupled to the coolant tank and a termination end coupled to the starting end of the condenser tube, a liquid tube to supply the coolant from the coolant tank to the immersion tank, and a steam tube to supply the vapor from the immersion tank to the condenser tube.

A heat transfer system has an energy converter, a heat transfer medium, a transfer part, and a heat exchanger. The energy converter converts an energy of an energy source into an energy in a different state and generates a heat while converting the energy. The heat transfer medium is in a liquid state and receives the heat from the energy converter. The heat exchanger dissipates the heat from the heat transfer medium to an outside of the heat transfer system. The heat transfer medium contains H.sub.2O and a solute compatible with the H.sub.2O. The solute has a molecular structure including two hydroxyl groups. A length of a binding chain between an oxygen atom of one of the two hydroxyl groups and an oxygen atom of an other of the two hydroxyl groups is shorter than a length of a binding chain between two hydroxyl groups of an ethylene glycol molecule.

A heat transfer system has an energy converter, a heat transfer medium, a transfer part, and a heat exchanger. The energy converter converts an energy of an energy source into an energy in a different state and generates a heat while converting the energy. The heat transfer medium is in a liquid state and receives the heat from the energy converter. The heat exchanger dissipates the heat from the heat transfer medium to an outside of the heat transfer system. The heat transfer medium contains H.sub.2O and a solute compatible with the H.sub.2O. The solute has a molecular structure including two hydroxyl groups. A length of a binding chain between an oxygen atom of one of the two hydroxyl groups and an oxygen atom of an other of the two hydroxyl groups is shorter than a length of a binding chain between two hydroxyl groups of an ethylene glycol molecule.

A cold storage box 1 comprises a housing 2 internally having a storage space S for a cold storage object, and one or more heat exchanger tubes 3 provided in the storage space S; wherein the heat exchanger tubes 3 are each a multilayer tube comprising an outer tube with thermal conductivity having an outer surface facing the storage space S, and as inner tube provided inside the outer tube; a first brine solution that does not freeze at 0 C. is contained between the outer tube and the inner tube; and a refrigerant, or a second brine solution that does not freeze at 0 C. is contained inside the inner tube.