A refrigerator includes a cabinet, a cooling module including a compressor, a condenser, an expansion valve, and an evaporator, and attachable to or detachable from the cabinet so that the cooling module is removably mounted to the cabinet, an electronic device arranged in the cabinet, and an electrical box configured to be electrically connected to the electronic device and the compressor, receive power from outside and supply the received power to the electronic device and the compressor.

A refrigerator port includes a sleeve and a pedestal. A pipe is drawn out from the refrigerator port. The pipe is provided with a valve. Before a cold head is pulled out, helium gas in a tank is supplied to a port space via the pipe. Accordingly, a pressure in the port space becomes the atmospheric pressure or approaches the atmospheric pressure. A pressure adjustment facility can also function when residual gas is discharged from the port space. Thus, the load of an operation of pulling out the cold head from the refrigerator port is reduced.

The present disclosure relates to a method of controlling an adiabatic demagnetization apparatus. The method includes varying at least operation parameter of the adiabatic demagnetization apparatus.

A cryopump includes a cryocooler which includes a high-temperature cooling stage and a low-temperature cooling stage, a radiation shield which is thermally coupled to the high-temperature cooling stage and axially extends in a tubular shape from a cryopump intake port, and a low-temperature cryopanel section which is thermally coupled to the low-temperature cooling stage, is surrounded by the radiation shield, and includes a plurality of cryopanels and a plurality of heat transfer bodies axially arranged in columnar shape, and in which the plurality of cryopanels and the plurality of heat transfer bodies are axially stacked.

A cryopump includes a cryocooler which includes a high-temperature cooling stage and a low-temperature cooling stage, a radiation shield which is thermally coupled to the high-temperature cooling stage and axially extends in a tubular shape from a cryopump intake port, and a low-temperature cryopanel section which is thermally coupled to the low-temperature cooling stage, is surrounded by the radiation shield, and includes a plurality of cryopanels and a plurality of heat transfer bodies axially arranged in columnar shape, and in which the plurality of cryopanels and the plurality of heat transfer bodies are axially stacked.

A vacuum adiabatic body includes a first plate; a second plate; a seal; a support; and an exhaust port, wherein an extension tab extending toward the third space to be coupled to the support is provided to at least one of the first and second plates, and the extension tab extends downward from an edge portion of the at least one of the first and second plates.

A vacuum insulator including a heat diffusion block placed in a vacuum space; a thermoelectric module, in the vacuum space, coming into contact with the heat diffusion block so as to exchange heat therewith: and a heat sink exchanging heat with the thermoelectric module and placed in a first space or a second place. High heat-insulation performance and heat-transfer performance can be obtained.

A vacuum insulator including a heat diffusion block placed in a vacuum space; a thermoelectric module, in the vacuum space, coming into contact with the heat diffusion block so as to exchange heat therewith: and a heat sink exchanging heat with the thermoelectric module and placed in a first space or a second place. High heat-insulation performance and heat-transfer performance can be obtained.

A cooling apparatus having a closed cooling circuit for cooling objects to semi-cryogenic or cryogenic temperatures includes a compressor to compress a gaseous coolant, and from which the coolant exits in a compressed gaseous state, an after-cooler connected downstream from the compressor, whereby the coolant exits largely in gaseous form, a counterflow heat exchanger having a feed line and return line arranged in such a way that the compressed coolant is liquefied in the feed line as the relieved coolant flowing through the return line is being heated. A cooling head that is connected with the feed line and return line. A coolant can flow through the cooling head whereby the coolant evaporates. The cooling head is arranged in a vacuum chamber, which can be joined with a low-pressure source, and is joined by flexible connecting lines with the feed line and return line of the counterflow heat exchanger.

A cooling apparatus having a closed cooling circuit for cooling objects to semi-cryogenic or cryogenic temperatures includes a compressor to compress a gaseous coolant, and from which the coolant exits in a compressed gaseous state, an after-cooler connected downstream from the compressor, whereby the coolant exits largely in gaseous form, a counterflow heat exchanger having a feed line and return line arranged in such a way that the compressed coolant is liquefied in the feed line as the relieved coolant flowing through the return line is being heated. A cooling head that is connected with the feed line and return line. A coolant can flow through the cooling head whereby the coolant evaporates. The cooling head is arranged in a vacuum chamber, which can be joined with a low-pressure source, and is joined by flexible connecting lines with the feed line and return line of the counterflow heat exchanger.