Olefins may be recovered from a methanol to olefins reactor effluent by initially feeding the effluent to an absorber demethanizer to contact the effluent with an absorbent to recover an overheads including methane and ethylene and a bottoms including the absorbent, ethylene, and ethane. The bottoms are separated to recover an ethylene fraction and an ethane fraction. The overheads are cooled and partially condensed in a first heat exchanger to a temperature of 40 C. or greater. The resulting stream, or a portion thereof, may be further cooled and condensed via indirect heat exchange with a mixed refrigerant to a temperature of less than 40 C. The non-condensed vapors are separated from the condensed liquids to form a liquid fraction and a methane fraction. The liquid fraction is fed to the absorber demethanizer as reflux, and the methane and ethane fractions combined to form the mixed refrigerant.

A compact, mobile communicating carrying case for the transport and storage of temperature-sensitive materials. The carrying case regulates to temperature presets that can be altered real time directly or remotely. Cryogenic temperature control is provided by use of a low boiling point liquid coolant, like liquid nitrogen or air that accelerates in a multicore cooling system. A microprocessor-controlled double function solenoid acting as a valve and sensor, temperature sensors, and several mechanical one way release valves regulate the cooling system. Peripheral integrated modules collect, send, receive and display information on the case and on smart devices about location, core temperature, the carrier and the nature of the enclosed material. The carrying case provides a compact laser-etched sterile working area, in addition to a set of basic instruments, needed for procedures using the biological materials.

Systems and methods that utilize feed gases that are supplied in a wide range of compositions and pressure to provide highly efficient recovery of NGL products, such as propane, utilizing isenthalpic expansion, propane refrigeration, and shell and tube exchangers are described. Plants utilizing such systems and methods can be readily reconfigured between propane recovery and ethane recovery.

Process for producing gaseous oxygen by cryogenic distillation of air, wherein a portion of the feed air flow is brought to a pressure P.sub.1, by means of a first compressor, the suction temperature T.sub.0 of which is between 0 and 50 C., the gas at the pressure P.sub.1 is cooled, in order to generate an air stream at the pressure P.sub.1 and the temperature T1 between 5 and 45 C., a portion of the air compressed in the first compressor undergoes an additional compression step starting from the temperature T.sub.1 and pressure P.sub.1 to a pressure P.sub.2 greater than P.sub.1, then is cooled, to the temperature T.sub.2 where T.sub.2 and T.sub.1 differ by less than 10 C.

A method is provided for production of gaseous oxygen at high pressures by splitting a main air feed into at least three separate streams, with the first stream being fed to a heat exchanger and then a column system for rectification; the second stream being further compressed in a warm booster, partially cooled in the heat exchanger, expanded in a turbine coupled to the warm booster and then fed to the column system; the third stream being expanded in a warm expander before being introduced to the heat exchanger and introduced to the column system. In certain embodiments, substantially all of the main air feed is eventually introduced to the column system for rectification, resulting in reduced sizing of a main air compressor and improved product recoveries.

A system and method serve generate oxygen by low-temperature air separation in a distillation column system having a high-pressure column and a low-pressure column, a main condenser which is constructed as a condenser-evaporator, and an auxiliary column. A gaseous oxygen-containing fraction is introduced into the auxiliary column. A nitrogen-containing liquid stream from the high-pressure column, the main condenser or the low-pressure column is applied as reflux to the top of the auxiliary column. An argon-rich stream from an intermediate site of the low-pressure column is introduced into an argon removal column that has an argon removal column top condenser. The low-pressure column is arranged beside the high-pressure column, the main condenser is arranged over the high-pressure column, the auxiliary column is arranged over the main condenser, the argon removal column is arranged over the auxiliary column and the argon removal column top condenser is arranged over the argon removal column.

A method is provided for separating off acid gases, in particular CO.sub.2 and H.sub.2S, from a hydrocarbon-rich fraction, in particular natural gas. The hydrocarbon-rich fraction is cooled and partially condensed. The resultant CO.sub.2-enriched liquid fraction is separated by rectification into a CO.sub.2-rich liquid fraction and a CO.sub.2-depleted gas fraction. The hydrocarbon-rich fraction is cooled close to the temperature of the CO.sub.2 triple point by means of a closed multistage refrigeration circuit. The refrigerant is a CO.sub.2 fraction of greater than 99.5% by volume. The rectification column is operated at a pressure between 40 and 65 bar. The reboiler of the rectification column is heated by means of a condensing refrigerant substream of the refrigeration circuit that is at a suitable pressure level.

A refrigeration system for condensation of carbon dioxide (CO.sub.2) in a flue gas stream, the system includes a refrigeration circuit, a flue gas treatment system that includes a flue gas compressor, a flue gas adsorption drier, and a refrigeration system for condensation of CO.sub.2; and a method for condensation of CO.sub.2 in a flue gas stream using a circulating stream of an external refrigerant.

A method for liquefying a natural gas feed stream and removing nitrogen therefrom, the method comprising passing a natural gas feed stream through a main heat exchanger to produce a first LNG stream, and separating a liquefied or partially liquefied natural gas stream in a distillation column to form nitrogen-rich vapor product, wherein a closed loop refrigeration system provides refrigeration to the main heat exchanger and to a condenser heat exchanger that provides reflux to the distillation column.

Exhaust gas from which impurities have been removed through pressurization and cooling by a compressor-based impurity separation mechanism is further cooled by a refrigerator-type heat exchanger. Drain produced from the cooling by the refrigerator-type heat exchanger is discharged and supplied as an alkalinity control agent to at least upstream of an aftercooler in a first impurity separator.