A plurality of modular units are connected together on a slightly sloped drainage field with a perforated header pipe at the lower side conveying water away from the drainage system. An impermeable flexible liner cushioned on both sides is located below the modular units. The modular units are each made up of rigid boxes that have connecting cross slots at the bottom thereof and vertical perforations there through. The rigid boxes are lined with a drainage fabric that is site specific and have an expanded geosynthetic material therein, which is held in place when filled with porous granular material. High flexural strength mats are connected together over the tops of the modular units. An air inlet pipe connects air to the cross slots, down the sloped drainage field, to the header pipe to drain water from the bulk granular material resting on the high flexural strength mats. Some of the modular units have a pneumatic vibrator connected to a source of pressurized air. The entire system may be quickly disassembled, moved to a different location, and reassembled with the number of modular units being changed according to the circumstances.

The present invention relates to a method for producing an aerogel blanket exhibiting excellent hydrophobicity at high temperatures and an aerogel blanket produced thereby. The present invention uses a mixture of silica sol and a hydrophobic aerogel powder as an aerogel precursor and thus can achieve hydrophobicity in the internal structure as well as on the surface of the aerogel included in the aerogel blanket. Accordingly, the aerogel blanket can attain high hydrophobicity and thus can exhibit excellent hydrophobicity retention ability even in high-temperature applications.

The present invention relates to a method for producing an aerogel blanket exhibiting excellent hydrophobicity at high temperatures and an aerogel blanket produced thereby. The present invention uses a mixture of silica sol and a hydrophobic aerogel powder as an aerogel precursor and thus can achieve hydrophobicity in the internal structure as well as on the surface of the aerogel included in the aerogel blanket. Accordingly, the aerogel blanket can attain high hydrophobicity and thus can exhibit excellent hydrophobicity retention ability even in high-temperature applications.

A substrate processing apparatus for drying a substrate by substituting a liquid film of a drying liquid formed on the substrate with a supercritical fluid incudes: a pressure container configured to accommodate the substrate on which the liquid film is formed; a discharge line configured to discharge a fluid inside the pressure container; a depressurizing valve provided in a middle of the discharge line; and a concentration measurement part configured to measure a concentration of vapor of the drying liquid in the fluid flowing through the discharge line, wherein the concentration measurement part is provided on a downstream side of the depressurizing valve of the discharge line and measures the concentration of the drying liquid in the fluid depressurized by the depressurizing valve.

A method and apparatus for the continuous sublimation of a substance includes cascading a material containing a substance capable of sublimation, such as water, between a plurality of trays vertically stacked within a processing zone provided within a processing chamber. A substantially atmospheric environment is maintained within the processing zone at a temperature whereby the substance sublimes forming a sublimate within the environment. The environment containing the sublimate is contacted with a drying agent such as a desiccant to maintain the environment whereby the substance sublimes at substantially atmospheric pressure and at the controlled temperature.

A method and apparatus for the continuous sublimation of a substance includes cascading a material containing a substance capable of sublimation, such as water, between a plurality of trays vertically stacked within a processing zone provided within a processing chamber. A substantially atmospheric environment is maintained within the processing zone at a temperature whereby the substance sublimes forming a sublimate within the environment. The environment containing the sublimate is contacted with a drying agent such as a desiccant to maintain the environment whereby the substance sublimes at substantially atmospheric pressure and at the controlled temperature.

An upper flow passage 181 is connected to a buffer space 182. The upper flow passage 181 has a constant cross-sectional shape and a processing fluid flows as a laminar flow in the upper flow passage 181. On the other hand, the buffer space 182 has a larger flow passage cross-sectional area than the upper flow passage 181. Thus, the processing fluid flowing in the upper flow passage 181 is released at once into the wide buffer space 182, whereby the pressure of the processing fluid decreases. A backflow of the processing fluid from the buffer space 182 to the upper flow passage 181 is prevented due to this pressure difference and the magnitude of a flow passage resistance of the upper flow passage 181 viewed from the buffer space 182.

A fluid removal system for removing fluid from a product stream is described herein. The fluid removal system comprises a table, a permeable conveyor to transport the product stream across a top surface of the table and a plenum disposed below the permeable conveyor to draw the fluid from the product stream through the permeable conveyor. At least one vibration inducing mechanism is mounted to the table to provide vibratory motion directly to the table and indirectly to the conveyor. The table is supported by oscillating mounts that provide oscillatory motion to the table.

A method of drying frac sand without heat is comprised of constructing a drainage system and placing sand on top of a perforated top layer thereon. The drainage system has multiple layers through which liquid passes to dewater sand resting thereon. At the bottom of the drainage system, perforated collection pipes, at least partially surrounded by rocks, collect and carry the liquid to a collection pond for reuse. A cellular confinement layer has sections of panels which, upon expansion, have cells filled with rocks. A woven monofilament geotextile fabric layer comprising woven monofilament geotextile fabric sheets sewn together has sized openings which allow fluid, but prevent sand from passing through the openings. The top layer comprises high density polyethylene perforated sheets welded together. A watertight liner sits below the collection pipes and the cellular confinement layer. Protective layers above and below the watertight liner prevent rocks from damaging same.

A method of drying frac sand without heat is comprised of constructing a drainage system and placing sand on top of a perforated top layer thereon. The drainage system has multiple layers through which liquid passes to dewater sand resting thereon. At the bottom of the drainage system, perforated collection pipes, at least partially surrounded by rocks, collect and carry the liquid to a collection pond for reuse. A cellular confinement layer has sections of panels which, upon expansion, have cells filled with rocks. A woven monofilament geotextile fabric layer comprising woven monofilament geotextile fabric sheets sewn together has sized openings which allow fluid, but prevent sand from passing through the openings. The top layer comprises high density polyethylene perforated sheets welded together. A watertight liner sits below the collection pipes and the cellular confinement layer. Protective layers above and below the watertight liner prevent rocks from damaging same.