A method of treating refractory-lined equipment includes accessing an interior of the refractory-lined equipment with an equipment repair apparatus, wherein the equipment repair apparatus includes a robotic arm and one or more end effectors coupled to an end of the robotic arm, inspecting refractory material that lines an inner wall of the refractory-lined equipment with a first end effector coupled to the end of the robotic arm, removing damaged refractory material from the inner wall with a second end effector coupled to the end of the robotic arm, removing one or more anchors from the inner wall with a third end effector coupled to the end of the robotic arm, and installing new refractory material on the inner wall with a fourth end effector coupled to the end of the robotic arm.

A device operates at high temperature, especially up to 550 C. and in particular between 50 and 350 C., such as an oven or an oven part. The device includes at least one insulating product formed of at least two layers, including a first layer, placed towards the heating zone and/or the heating element(s) to be insulated, formed of mineral wool(s) and/or fibre(s) and having a density of less than 120 kg/m.sup.3, and a second layer, further away, chosen from insulators formed of aerogel(s) or of amorphous silica or vacuum insulators or any other superinsulator. Additionally, an insulating product is appropriate for this device.

A clip for supporting a refractory structure and/or a hanger structure. The clip can have a body with two legs connected to a top. A fastener that extends through the top can be adjusted and/or secured to fix a relative position of the clip with respect to the refractory structure and/or the hanger structure. An adjuster that extends through the top, such as a tab connected to or integrated with the top, can be used to adjust a distance, such as a vertical height, of the clip with respect to adjacent fixed structural members. The adjuster can be used to compensate for a distance change resulting from the refractory structure, the hanger structure, one or more adjacent fixed structural members, and/or any other similar structure, bending, flexing and/or otherwise deforming due to exposure of the components to a relatively high temperature.

A metallurgical system for producing metals and metal alloys includes a fluid cooled mixing cold hearth having a melting cavity configured to hold a raw material for melting into a molten metal, and a mechanical drive configured to mount and move the mixing cold hearth for mixing the raw material. The system also includes a heat source configured to heat the raw material in the melting cavity, and a heat removal system configured to provide adjustable insulation for the molten metal. The mixing cold hearth can be configured as a removal element of an assembly of interchangeable mixing cold hearths, with each mixing cold hearth of the assembly configured for melting a specific category of raw materials. A process includes the steps of providing the mixing cold hearth, feeding the raw material into the melting cavity, heating the raw material, and moving the mixing cold hearth during the heating step.

A molten material apparatus can include a container including a wall at least partially defining a containment area and an opening extending through the wall. The molten material apparatus can include a protective sleeve mounted at least partially within the opening of the wall of the container. A thermocouple can be positioned within an internal bore of the protective sleeve. A method of processing molten material can include inserting a thermocouple into a protective sleeve fabricated from a refractory ceramic material, and measuring a temperature of material within a containment area of a container with the thermocouple.

A molten metal furnace in which molten metal leakage may be avoided or controlled and heat radiation from the furnace body may be controlled. The molten metal furnace has an outer wall on its outer periphery, a molten metal storage part for holding a molten metal therein, and an inner wall forming the molten metal storage part and having a plurality of lining layers, wherein a first lining layer of the plurality of lining layers, having a surface to be in contact with the molten metal, is formed of a refractory material, wherein a sealing material is provided along at least two boundaries present in a range between the first lining layer and the outer wall, and wherein a lining layer sandwiched between layers of the sealing material is formed of a thermal insulation board containing at least silicon dioxide (SiO.sub.2).

The invention relates to a heat protection assembly (2, 30) for a charging installation (1) of a metallurgical reactor. In order to increase the lifetime of a heat protection shield in a charging installation of a metallurgical reactor, the assembly (2, 30) comprises a plurality of heat protection tiles (31.1, 31.2, 31.3, 31.4) disposed adjacent to each other along a surface The assembly further comprises a plurality of heat protection panels (10, 110), each panel (10, 110) comprising a common base plate (11, 111) to which a plurality of tiles (31.1, 31.2, 31.3, 31.4) are connected, which heat protection panels (10, 110) are configured to be mounted on the charging installation (1) adjacent to each other.

A coating composition may include a glass frit including Phosphorus Oxide (P.sub.2O.sub.5), Silicon Oxide (SiO.sub.2), Boron Oxide (B.sub.2O.sub.3), a group I-based metal oxide, Barium Oxide (BaO), Sodium Fluoride (NaF), Titanium Oxide (TiO2), Stannous Oxide (SnO), Zinc Oxide (ZnO), and an adhesion enhancement component. The P.sub.2O.sub.5 may be included by about 40 wt % to about 55 wt % based on a total weight of the glass frit. The SiO.sub.2 may be included by about 5 wt % to about 15 wt % based on the total weight of the glass frit. The B.sub.2O.sub.3 may be included by about 5 wt % to about 10 wt % based on the total weight of the glass frit. The group I-based metal oxide may be included by about 3 wt % to about 10 wt % based on the total weight of the glass frit. The ZnO may be included by about 10 wt % to about 25 wt % based on the total weight of the glass frit, and the TiO.sub.2 may be included by about 0.1 wt % to about 5 wt % based on the total weight of the glass frit.

In embodiments, a melter for melting glass may include an inlet wall, an outlet wall opposite the inlet wall, and sidewalls extending from the inlet wall to the outlet wall. The inlet wall, outlet wall, and sidewalls define a glass melting space enclosed by a floor and a top. In embodiments, the inlet wall may comprise a glass contact wall comprising a glass contact surface facing the glass melting space. A superstructure of the inlet wall comprises a jack arch positioned over the glass contact wall and at least a portion of the glass melting space. A plane of an interior face of the jack arch and a plane of the glass contact surface are off-set in a horizontal direction. A vertical distance from the floor to an underside of the jack arch is less than a vertical distance from the floor to an underside of the top.

A method of cooling a liner in a plasma chamber. A recycle gas is contacted with or passed through the liner to cool the liner and pre-heat the recycle gas. The pre-heated gas is then recycled through the plasma chamber to become part of the plasma forming process. The method further comprises the liner is graphite, the recycle gas passes through at least one cooling channel present in the liner, at least one of the cooling channels are covered with at least one removable liner/channel cover, carbon deposits are formed from the presence of hydrocarbons in the recycle gas, at least one channel is formed in a spiral cooling channel pattern, at least one channel is formed in a substantially straight cooling channel pattern, and a plenum to aid in the production of an even distribution of cooling gas in the channels.