A kiln includes a stage, a stove, a gas supply assembly, and a combustion device wherein, the stage includes a stage body and a carrier member. The stage body has a first chamber, while the carrier member is detachably disposed at the stage body. The stove is joined to the stage body and has an entry and a second chamber. The gas supply assembly is disposed at the stage body, and part of the gas supply assembly is located in the first chamber. The combustion device is located in the second chamber. The carrier member can be detached from the stage body and be moved out of the stove from the entry so that the first chamber communicates with the second chamber. In this way, the working space inside the kiln can be increased, which is convenient for users to repair and maintain the gas supply assembly or the combustion device.

High heat flux furnace cooler comprise CuNi pipe coils cast inside pours of high purity (99%-Wt) copper. The depth of front copper cover over the pipe coils in the hot face to manufacture into the casting is derived from a projection of the thermal and stress conditions existing at the cooler's end-of-campaign-life. CFD and/or FEA analyses and modeling is used for a trial-and-error zeroing in of the optimum geometries to employ in the original casting of CuNi pipe coils in high purity copper casting. Individual pipe coil positions to cast inside a copper casting mold are secured with devices that will not melt, cause thermal shear stresses, or be the source of contaminations or copper defects. Pipe bonding to the casting results because the differential coefficient of expansions of the pipes' and the casting's copper alloys involved do not exceed the yield strength of the casting copper during operational thermal cycling.

A method of cooling a liner in a plasma chamber. A recycle gas is contacted with or passed through the liner to cool the liner and pre-heat the recycle gas. The pre-heated gas is then recycled through the plasma chamber to become part of the plasma forming process. The method further comprises the liner is graphite, the recycle gas passes through at least one cooling channel present in the liner, at least one of the cooling channels are covered with at least one removable liner/channel cover, carbon deposits are formed from the presence of hydrocarbons in the recycle gas, at least one channel is formed in a spiral cooling channel pattern, at least one channel is formed in a substantially straight cooling channel pattern, and a plenum to aid in the production of an even distribution of cooling gas in the channels.

A heat insulating protective member including an inorganic fiber formed body having a hollow cylindrical shape or a split hollow cylindrical shape, wherein the inorganic fiber formed body has an inner circumferential surface (c) facing a hollow and an outer circumferential surface (a) constituting an outer circumference, and the bulk density of the inorganic fiber formed body increases toward the outer circumferential surface (a).

An insulation element for the thermal insulation of an inductively heatable high-temperature treatment zone. A wall of the insulation element contains a flat material, the resistivity of which is ρF 10-5 to 10-1 Ωm and which encloses a hollow space extending through the insulation element and includes a discontinuity, in which the resistivity ρU is greater than ρF. The discontinuity extends from the external surface of the flat material into the flat material but does not interrupt the flat material over the entire cross section of the flat material.

A synthesis method for producing a refractory oxide-ceramic material of CaZrO.sub.3, in particular in the form of a refractory granular material that is preferably mechanically comminuted, in particular crushed and/or ground, as well as to a batch and a coarse ceramic, shaped or unshaped, refractory product containing at least one pre-synthesized refractory calcium zirconate-containing granular material.

The present invention provides an electric furnace including: a cylindrical furnace wall; a furnace cover that is provided at an upper end of the furnace wall; and a furnace bottom that is provided at a lower end of the furnace wall and includes a deep bottom portion and a shallow bottom portion as a region having a height of 150 mm to 500 mm from a deepest point of the deep bottom portion, in which a slag pouring port into which molten slag or a solidified slag lump is capable of being poured from a slag transport container directly or through a tilting trough is provided, the slag pouring port overlaps the shallow bottom portion in a plan view, and the area ratio of the shallow bottom portion to the furnace bottom in a plan view is 5% to 40%.

Systems and methods for fabrication of ceramics from celestial materials using microwave sintering and mechanical compression for space mining applications are disclosed. In one aspect, a chamber for sintering loose mineral material into solid ceramic shapes includes a plurality of zirconia insulting plates configured to clamp the mineral material and forming a cavity in which the mineral loose material is contained, and at least one dipole array configured to generate microwave energy and apply the microwave energy to the mineral material.

Disclosed are an oxygen-enriched acid gas incinerator burner. A refractory lining is arranged on an inner wall of a housing. A rear part of an inner cavity of the housing is connected to a throat opening. A pure oxygen spray gun, an acid gas spray gun, and a fuel gas spray gun are arranged in a pipe-in-pipe structure from outside to inside. A rear part of the pure oxygen spray gun is fixed within the inner cavity. A front part of the acid gas spray gun is fixed through a flange at an outer end of the pure oxygen spray gun. A front part of the fuel gas spray gun is fixed through a flange at an outer end of the acid gas spray gun. A combustion-supporting air inlet is formed on the housing, and a lower part thereof is communicated with a gas collection chamber.

A method of producing a graphite-containing refractory within which carbon fiber bundles are placed, the graphite constituting 1% to 80% by mass, the method including a bundling step of bundling carbon fibers to form the carbon fiber bundles; a mixing step of mixing a refractory raw material with graphite to prepare a graphite-containing refractory raw material; a pressing step of pressing the graphite-containing refractory raw material in which the carbon fiber bundles are placed to prepare a formed product; and a drying step of drying the pressed product, wherein the bundling step includes bundling 1000 to 300000 of the carbon fibers with a fiber diameter of 1 to 45 μm/fiber to form carbon fiber bundles 100 mm or more in length.