A method for heating a furnace with a longitudinal direction and a cross plane which is perpendicular to the longitudinal direction, which furnace includes at least one heating zone heated using combustion of a fuel with an oxidant, and which furnace is further arranged with a dark zone downstream of said heated zone, to which dark zone no fuel is supplied directly. Wherein the fuel and oxidant supplied to the heating zone is substoichiometric, in that between 10% and 40% of the total oxidant for achieving stoichiometric or near stoichiometric combustion is supplied directly to the dark zone, a flue gas temperature is measured in and/or downstream of the dark zone, and the share of the total oxidant supplied to the dark zone is controlled so as not to exceed a predetermined maximum measured such temperature. The invention further relates to a method for retrofitting an existing furnace, and a furnace.

A rapid thermal processing method and a rapid thermal processing device are provided. The rapid thermal processing method includes the following operations. A wafer is provided. A first heating operation is performed on the wafer to heat the wafer to a first temperature. The wafer is controlled to start rotating. The first temperature is maintained for a first predetermined time. A second heating operation is performed on the wafer to heat the wafer from the first temperature to a second temperature, and the second temperature is maintained for a second predetermined time. A third heating operation is performed on the wafer to heat the wafer from the second temperature to a third temperature, and the third temperature is maintained for a third predetermined time.

A rapid thermal processing method and a rapid thermal processing device are provided. The rapid thermal processing method includes the following operations. A wafer is provided. A first heating operation is performed on the wafer to heat the wafer to a first temperature. The wafer is controlled to start rotating. The first temperature is maintained for a first predetermined time. A second heating operation is performed on the wafer to heat the wafer from the first temperature to a second temperature, and the second temperature is maintained for a second predetermined time. A third heating operation is performed on the wafer to heat the wafer from the second temperature to a third temperature, and the third temperature is maintained for a third predetermined time.

This application addresses an integrated smart system to control the variables involved in the process for melting mineral concentrates. Specifically, it addresses an integrated smart system that allows the whole melting process operation to be controlled, measuring the mineralogical quality and quantity of the concentrate that is injected into the melting furnace, as well as variables such as the temperature, the level of the liquid phases and the percentage of copper within the furnace. In this manner, by reading said variables, it acts autonomously on manipulated variables, considering uncertainties, allowing a stable temperature to be maintained in the reactor, allowing products to be obtained at the required quality and controlling the liquid phases therein, among other controlled variables, to achieve efficient melting.

This application addresses an integrated smart system to control the variables involved in the process for melting mineral concentrates. Specifically, it addresses an integrated smart system that allows the whole melting process operation to be controlled, measuring the mineralogical quality and quantity of the concentrate that is injected into the melting furnace, as well as variables such as the temperature, the level of the liquid phases and the percentage of copper within the furnace. In this manner, by reading said variables, it acts autonomously on manipulated variables, considering uncertainties, allowing a stable temperature to be maintained in the reactor, allowing products to be obtained at the required quality and controlling the liquid phases therein, among other controlled variables, to achieve efficient melting.

Provided is a method of, in ladle refining treatment of a molten steel, accurately estimating the molten steel temperature after the ladle refining treatment. An operation method of ladle refining treatment by which ladle refining treatment of a molten steel is performed while continuously measuring a molten steel temperature during operation of the ladle refining treatment of the molten steel comprises setting a time earlier than a scheduled ending time of the ladle refining treatment in a continuous measurement period of the molten steel temperature as a determination timing, and estimating the molten steel temperature at the scheduled ending time on the basis of a change with time of the molten steel temperature in continuous measured data of the molten steel temperature from a start of continuous measurement of the molten steel temperature to the determination timing.

The present invention provides a copper billet horizontal continuous casting apparatus with a vertical shaft furnace for smelting and a corresponding process. The copper billet horizontal continuous casting apparatus with a vertical shaft furnace for smelting includes: a vertical shaft, a refining furnace, a mixing furnace, a holding furnace, and a continuous casting furnace; wherein the refining furnace comprises a furnace body, and a gas flushing device disposed beneath the furnace body, a gas flushing brick is provided at the chamber bottom wall of the furnace body; a gas inlet device is provided on the vertical shaft furnace; the vertical shaft furnace further includes a detecting device and an adjusting device which are connected with the air inlet device.

In a method for operating a cooking appliance, a cooking compartment is irradiated by light of different wavelength ranges. Light reflected in the cooking compartment is measured and measurement results of the light measurement are spectroscopically evaluated. Depending on a result of the spectroscopic evaluation, operation of the cooking appliance is adjusted.

In a method for operating a cooking appliance, a cooking compartment is irradiated by light of different wavelength ranges. Light reflected in the cooking compartment is measured and measurement results of the light measurement are spectroscopically evaluated. Depending on a result of the spectroscopic evaluation, operation of the cooking appliance is adjusted.

A furnace assembly for a metal-making process, including: an electric arc furnace configured for flat bath operation and having a bottom, and an electromagnetic stirrer configured to be arranged underneath the bottom of the electric arc furnace to enable stirring of molten metal in the electric arc furnace.