A reliable, leak-tolerant liquid cooling system with a backup air-cooling system for computers is provided. The system may use a vacuum pump and a liquid pump and/or an air compressor in combination to provide negative fluid pressure so that liquid does not leak out of the system near electrical components. Alternatively, the system can use a single vacuum pump and a valve assembly to circulate coolant. The system distributes flow and pressure with a series of pressure regulating valves so that an array of computers can be serviced by a single cooling system. The system provides both air and liquid cooling so that if the liquid cooling system does not provide adequate cooling, the air cooling system will be automatically activated. The heat may be removed from the building efficiently with a cooling tower. A connector system is provided to automatically evacuate the liquid from the heat exchangers before they are disconnected. Various turbulators are also provided, as well as a system and method for optimizing the heat transfer characteristics of a heat exchanger to minimize total energy requirements.

A reliable, leak-tolerant liquid cooling system with a backup air-cooling system for computers is provided. The system may use a vacuum pump and a liquid pump and/or an air compressor in combination to provide negative fluid pressure so that liquid does not leak out of the system near electrical components. Alternatively, the system can use a single vacuum pump and a valve assembly to circulate coolant. The system distributes flow and pressure with a series of pressure regulating valves so that an array of computers can be serviced by a single cooling system. The system provides both air and liquid cooling so that if the liquid cooling system does not provide adequate cooling, the air cooling system will be automatically activated. The heat may be removed from the building efficiently with a cooling tower. A connector system is provided to automatically evacuate the liquid from the heat exchangers before they are disconnected. Various turbulators are also provided, as well as a system and method for optimizing the heat transfer characteristics of a heat exchanger to minimize total energy requirements.

A plate heat exchanger is disclosed herein. In some instances, the plate heat exchanger may be disposed in an ice bin of a beverage dispenser for cooling one or more fluids. The plate heat exchanger may include a top plate, a bottom plate, an outer boundary wall, and a fluid flow path disposed between the top plate and the bottom plate. The fluid flow path may include an inlet and an outlet. A fin may be disposed within the fluid flow path from the top plate to the bottom plate between the inlet and the outlet.

A plate heat exchanger is disclosed herein. In some instances, the plate heat exchanger may be disposed in an ice bin of a beverage dispenser for cooling one or more fluids. The plate heat exchanger may include a top plate, a bottom plate, an outer boundary wall, and a fluid flow path disposed between the top plate and the bottom plate. The fluid flow path may include an inlet and an outlet. A fin may be disposed within the fluid flow path from the top plate to the bottom plate between the inlet and the outlet.

A plate for use in a heat exchanger is includes: a first surface; a second surface; first, second and third discrete flow passages passing through the plate from the first surface to the second surface, the second flow passage extending around the first flow passage and the third flow passage extending around the second flow passage. A plurality of fins extend parallel to the first surface across the third flow passage and have a first surface extending parallel to the first surface of the plate and a second surface extending parallel to and spaced from the first surface of the fin; and one or more pins protruding from the first surface of at least some of the fins. The pins extend away from the second surface of the fins.

The invention relates to the nuclear energy field, including pressurized water reactor containment internal passive heat removal systems. The invention increases heat removal efficiency, flow stability in the circuit, and system reliability. The system has at least one cooling water circulation circuit comprising a heat exchanger inside the containment and including an upper and lower header interconnected by heat-exchange tubes, a riser pipeline and a downtake pipeline connected to the heat exchanger, a cooling water supply tank above the heat exchanger outside the containment and connected to the downtake pipeline, a steam relief valve connected to the riser pipeline and located in the water supply tank and hydraulically connected to the latter. The upper and lower header of the heat exchanger are divided into heat exchange tube sections on the assumption that: L/D20, L being the header section length, D being the header bore.

A method of operating a heat exchange system includes a heat exchanger including an outer boundary formed by inflow and outflow surfaces, a fan configured and arranged such that a transport fluid is transported through the heat exchanger over the inflow surface to the outflow surface and a control unit that receives one or more actual values from the heat exchanger and/or fan in the operating state and that one or more predetermined values of the heat exchanger and/or of the fan are adjusted by the control unit. The heat exchange system further includes a communication module in signal communication with the control unit, the communication module receiving one or more actual values from the control unit and/or one or more predetermined values transmitted from the communication module to the control unit, with the communication module being in signal communication with a communication unit at least at times.

A method of operating a heat exchange system includes a heat exchanger including an outer boundary formed by inflow and outflow surfaces, a fan configured and arranged such that a transport fluid is transported through the heat exchanger over the inflow surface to the outflow surface and a control unit that receives one or more actual values from the heat exchanger and/or fan in the operating state and that one or more predetermined values of the heat exchanger and/or of the fan are adjusted by the control unit. The heat exchange system further includes a communication module in signal communication with the control unit, the communication module receiving one or more actual values from the control unit and/or one or more predetermined values transmitted from the communication module to the control unit, with the communication module being in signal communication with a communication unit at least at times.

Methods and systems to manage refrigerant flow inside a shell and tube heat exchanger, such as a condenser, to reduce inundation effect are provided. A method of managing refrigerant flow may include collecting at least a portion the refrigerant in the liquid state and directing the collected refrigerant in the liquid state toward an end of an internal space of the condenser. The method may further include directing the refrigerant in the liquid form toward a subcooling section. The method may also include directing the collected in the liquid state toward a refrigerant outlet located at proximately a middle section of a length of the condenser through the subcooling section. The condenser may have one or more separation/collection pans positioned within heat transfer tubes to collect and direct the refrigerant in the liquid form. A two-stage refrigerant distributor is also disclosed.

The present invention relates to a running-water-type evaporator, and an ice-making device and a water purification device comprising the same, and to a running-water-type evaporator, and an ice-making device and a water purification device comprising the same, the evaporator uniformly transferring, to ice, heat supplied through high-temperature fluid during ice separation, so as to enable the ice to be easily separated without using separate ice-separating water, and thus minimizes melting of the ice during ice separation, and circulating ice-making water in a state where the ice-making water flows only toward the outer sides of a pair of outer plate members, and thus a degradation in the cleanliness of the ice-making water can be prevented.