A modular inliner assembly can be used in a centrifugal particle receiver to facilitate the formation of a particle film. The modular inliner assembly may include a plurality of inliner tiles coupled to a rotating shell of the centrifugal particle receiver. Each inliner tile may include an inliner panel and a spacer extending from the inliner panel to the shell. An insulation module may be disposed between the inliner panels and the shell. A protection module may be disposed between the inliner panel and the insulation module to reduce wear of the insulation module. The top surface of each inliner panel can include surface features such as recessed slots. Two opposing ends of the inliner panel may include non-linear edges. The non-linear edge pattern on each of the two opposing ends may be different. A consistent gap between inliner panels can be maintained between the non-linear edges.

A modular inliner assembly can be used in a centrifugal particle receiver to facilitate the formation of a particle film. The modular inliner assembly may include a plurality of inliner tiles coupled to a rotating shell of the centrifugal particle receiver. Each inliner tile may include an inliner panel and a spacer extending from the inliner panel to the shell. An insulation module may be disposed between the inliner panels and the shell. A protection module may be disposed between the inliner panel and the insulation module to reduce wear of the insulation module. The top surface of each inliner panel can include surface features such as recessed slots. Two opposing ends of the inliner panel may include non-linear edges. The non-linear edge pattern on each of the two opposing ends may be different. A consistent gap between inliner panels can be maintained between the non-linear edges.

A particle heat exchanger comprising: a housing including an inlet located at the top of the housing, and an outlet located below the inlet, the housing configured to enclose a flow of heat transfer particles which flows downwardly from the inlet to the outlet within the housing; at least one heat transfer tube enclosed in the housing and in contact with the flow of heat transfer particles therein, each heat transfer tube extending substantially parallel to an axis extending between the inlet and outlet of the housing; and at least one divider located between the inlet and outlet of the housing, the at least one heat transfer tube extending through each divider, each divider including at least one opening configured to form at least one flow constriction in the flow of heat transfer particles between the inlet and outlet of the housing.

A particle heat exchanger comprising: a housing including an inlet located at the top of the housing, and an outlet located below the inlet, the housing configured to enclose a flow of heat transfer particles which flows downwardly from the inlet to the outlet within the housing; at least one heat transfer tube enclosed in the housing and in contact with the flow of heat transfer particles therein, each heat transfer tube extending substantially parallel to an axis extending between the inlet and outlet of the housing; and at least one divider located between the inlet and outlet of the housing, the at least one heat transfer tube extending through each divider, each divider including at least one opening configured to form at least one flow constriction in the flow of heat transfer particles between the inlet and outlet of the housing.

Methods, systems, and apparatus for cooling particulates are provided. A method can include introducing particulates and water to a first vessel to provide a fluidized bed of particulates and cooling the fluidized bed of particulates in the first vessel to obtain first cooled particulates. The method can also include recovering the first cooled particulates from the first vessel and introducing the first cooled particulates to a heat exchanger comprising a plurality of tubulars. The method can also include introducing a coolant to the plurality of tubulars, flowing the first cooled particulates through a shell side of the heat exchanger and contacting at least a portion of the first cooled particulates with the plurality of tubulars, recovering a heated coolant from the plurality of tubulars, and recovering second cooled particulates from a particulate outlet.

Methods, systems, and apparatus for cooling particulates are provided. A method can include introducing particulates and water to a first vessel to provide a fluidized bed of particulates and cooling the fluidized bed of particulates in the first vessel to obtain first cooled particulates. The method can also include recovering the first cooled particulates from the first vessel and introducing the first cooled particulates to a heat exchanger comprising a plurality of tubulars. The method can also include introducing a coolant to the plurality of tubulars, flowing the first cooled particulates through a shell side of the heat exchanger and contacting at least a portion of the first cooled particulates with the plurality of tubulars, recovering a heated coolant from the plurality of tubulars, and recovering second cooled particulates from a particulate outlet.

A reactor system includes a fluidized-bed. A fuel and a sulfur absorbent material are eluted through the fluidized-bed. The reactor system may include a heat exchanger having a heat-exchanging portion within a heating zone of the reactor that is hermetically sealed from the heating zone. The reactor may include loose particles of an inert bed material for forming the fluidized-bed. A feed system may be provided to inject a solid fuel composite that includes a mixture of a solid, carbonaceous fuel and a solid reagent into the reactor.

A reactor system includes a fluidized-bed. A fuel and a sulfur absorbent material are eluted through the fluidized-bed. The reactor system may include a heat exchanger having a heat-exchanging portion within a heating zone of the reactor that is hermetically sealed from the heating zone. The reactor may include loose particles of an inert bed material for forming the fluidized-bed. A feed system may be provided to inject a solid fuel composite that includes a mixture of a solid, carbonaceous fuel and a solid reagent into the reactor.

The present invention relates to a system and a method for exchanging heat between a fluid (F) and heat storage particles (3). The exchange system comprises an exchange zone (2) in which the fluid (F) and the heat storage particles in a fluidized bed flow as a countercurrent flow and a cross flow. The invention also relates to a compressed gas energy storage and restoration system and method using the heat exchange system.

Systems, methods, and computer-implemented embodiments consistent with the inventions herein are directed to storing and/or transferring heat. In one exemplary implementation, there is provided a system for transferring/storing heat comprised of a heat exchange/storage apparatus including a chamber, and a heat input device adapted to heat/provide a vapor into the chamber. Other exemplary implementations may include one or more features consistent with a heat output device through which a working medium/fluid passes, a thermal storage medium located within the chamber, and/or a heat exchange system that delivers a heat exchange medium/fluid to the thermal storage medium.