A synergetic system for waste treatment is provided. The synergetic system includes a waste treatment system configured to perform biological treatment of waste. Additionally, the synergetic system includes a gas purification system configured to purify exhaust gas generated during the biological treatment of the waste. The synergetic system further includes a feeding system configured to feed excess heat from the gas purification system back to the waste treatment system. The waste treatment system is further configured to use the fed back excess heat for the biological treatment of the waste.

Apparatus for generating thermal energy using concentrated solar power, the apparatus comprising a fluidised bed which including a dual heat exchange and solar receiver and means to circulate solid particles around the fluidised bed.

Apparatus for generating thermal energy using concentrated solar power, the apparatus comprising a fluidised bed which including a dual heat exchange and solar receiver and means to circulate solid particles around the fluidised bed.

A device is disclosed for the storage and transfer of solar thermal energy which includes a casing having a irradiation opening for the entry of incident solar radiation in a irradiation region of the casing. a bed of fluidizable solid particles received within the casing, and a plurality of reflecting and radiating surfaces arranged within the irradiation region and configured to convey the solar radiation entering through the irradiation opening, after multiple reflections, on the bed of particles.

A device is disclosed for the storage and transfer of solar thermal energy which includes a casing having a irradiation opening for the entry of incident solar radiation in a irradiation region of the casing. a bed of fluidizable solid particles received within the casing, and a plurality of reflecting and radiating surfaces arranged within the irradiation region and configured to convey the solar radiation entering through the irradiation opening, after multiple reflections, on the bed of particles.

A plant for the accumulation and transfer of thermal energy, which plant has an accumulation device of the kind with a bed of fluidizable solid particles. The plant further has for each accumulation device electric resistor means arranged within the casing and thermally connected with the bed of particles, which electric resistors are configured for transmitting thermal energy generated by Joule effect to the particles and they are fed by exceeding electric energy from wind or photovoltaic source; and heat exchange means, also thermally connected with the bed of particles and which can be selectively actuated to receive thermal energy therefrom,
the overall configuration being such that the thermal energy is transferred from the resistor means to the fluidizable solid particles of the bed and from the fluidizable solid particles to the heat exchange means.

A plant for the accumulation and transfer of thermal energy, which plant has an accumulation device of the kind with a bed of fluidizable solid particles. The plant further has for each accumulation device electric resistor means arranged within the casing and thermally connected with the bed of particles, which electric resistors are configured for transmitting thermal energy generated by Joule effect to the particles and they are fed by exceeding electric energy from wind or photovoltaic source; and heat exchange means, also thermally connected with the bed of particles and which can be selectively actuated to receive thermal energy therefrom,
the overall configuration being such that the thermal energy is transferred from the resistor means to the fluidizable solid particles of the bed and from the fluidizable solid particles to the heat exchange means.

The invention provides a powder-gas heat exchanger for exchanging heat between a powder stream and a gas stream in counter-current flow comprising a powder stream mass flow rate substantially equal to a gas stream mass flow rate in a vertical shaft heat exchanger. A hot gas stream may be adapted for use in heating a cool solids stream, or a cool gas stream may be adapted for use in cooling a hot solids stream.

In embodiments, a heat exchanger includes a tube configured to transfer a first fluid. The tube includes an outer surface configured to exchange heat with a second fluid as the second fluid flows over the outer surface of the tube. The tube also includes an inner surface defining an interior configured to contain and transfer the first fluid, and a plurality of surface features integrally formed as part of the inner surface. The surface features may extend radially inward toward the interior, and are configured to increase a surface area of the inner surface to improve heat exchange between the tube and the first fluid.

A method for heating at least one semi-finished metal products to be further laminated, via a heat exchanging device comprising a chamber containing solid particles, supporting means able to support semi-finished metal product and a gas injector, having the successive steps of: i. injecting a gas into said chamber so as to form a fluidized bed, ii. inserting at least one hot semi-finished metal product such that said at least one hot semi-finished metal product is able to transfer heat to said fluidized bed, iii. inserting said at least one semi-finished metal product to be further laminated such that said fluidized bed is able to transfer heat to said at least one semi-finished metal product to be further laminated, iv. taking out said at least one semi-finished metal product to be further laminated of said fluidized bed when the temperature of said at least one semi-finished metal product to be further laminated is less than 100 C. below the temperature of said fluidized bed.