A tube for a thermal transfer device can include a wall having a length and having an inner surface and an outer surface, wherein the inner surface forms a cavity. The tube can also include at least one first dimple pressed into the wall toward the cavity at a first location along the length of the wall, where the inner surface of the wall at the at least one first dimple is separated from itself by a first distance. The tube can further include at least one second dimple pressed into the wall toward the cavity at a second location along the length of the wall, where the inner surface of the wall at the at least one second dimple is separated from itself by a second distance. The cavity can be configured to receive a fluid that flows continuously along a length of the at least one wall.

An heat exchanger and method for forming the heat exchanger, the heat exchanger including a cooling architecture comprising at least one unit cell having a set of walls with a thickness, the set of walls defining fluidly separate conduits having multiple openings, each of the multiple openings having a hydraulic diameter, wherein an average fluid temperature (T.sub.f) to material temperature limit (T.sub.m) ratio (T.sub.f/T.sub.m) is greater than 0 and less than or equal to 1.25 (0<T.sub.f/T.sub.m≤1.25), and wherein the thickness (t) and the hydraulic diameter (D.sub.H) relate to each other by an equation:

[00001]$\frac{T_f}{T_m}.Math.\frac{D_H^{2/3}\left(D_H+t\right)}{{\left(D_H+2t\right)}^{8/3}}$

to define a unit cell performance factor (UCPF).

A heat pipe including a pipe body. The pipe body has an evaporation portion and a condensation portion. The condensation portion is connected to the evaporation portion. The condensation portion includes a condensation end. The evaporation portion includes an evaporation end. The evaporation end and/or the condensation end are/is in a rectangular shape.

An apparatus of a thermal management system and method of operating therein may include an outer annular support member that extends about an outer axis of the outer annular support member, and an inner annular support member that is nested within the outer annular support member. The inner annular support member extends about an inner axis of the inner annular support member. The inner annular support member has a size that is less than a size of the outer annular support member. The apparatus may include plural tubes that connect with and radially extend from the outer annular support member to the inner annular support member. Each of the plural tubes may extend along different pathways between the outer annular support member and the inner annular support member.

Use of a heat transfer tube in a damp environment in air-conditioning equipment and exposed to corrosive action caused by a corrosive medium comprising at least one lower carboxylic acid, the heat transfer tube a copper tube comprising 0.10-1.0% by weight of P and the balance consisting of Cu and inevitable impurities. The corrosive action progresses in the form of an ants' nest from an outer surface of the heat transfer tube in a direction of its wall thickness, wherein. Also, use of a copper tube comprising 0.10-1.0% by weight of P and the balance consisting of Cu and inevitable impurities for improving corrosion-resistance against ant nest corrosion caused by a corrosive medium consisting of a lower carboxylic acid in a damp environment, method of inhibiting ants' nest corrosion in a heat transfer tube, and a method of positioning a tube in an air conditioning apparatus or a refrigeration apparatus.

Use of a heat transfer tube in a damp environment in air-conditioning equipment and exposed to corrosive action caused by a corrosive medium comprising at least one lower carboxylic acid, the heat transfer tube a copper tube comprising 0.10-1.0% by weight of P and the balance consisting of Cu and inevitable impurities. The corrosive action progresses in the form of an ants' nest from an outer surface of the heat transfer tube in a direction of its wall thickness, wherein. Also, use of a copper tube comprising 0.10-1.0% by weight of P and the balance consisting of Cu and inevitable impurities for improving corrosion-resistance against ant nest corrosion caused by a corrosive medium consisting of a lower carboxylic acid in a damp environment, method of inhibiting ants' nest corrosion in a heat transfer tube, and a method of positioning a tube in an air conditioning apparatus or a refrigeration apparatus.

A heat exchanger, a manufacturing method thereof and a thermal management system are provided. The heat exchanger includes a metal substrate having a fluid channel for circulating a heat exchange medium, and a coating layer coated on at least part of a surface of the metal substrate. The coating layer includes a rare earth conversion film containing a rare earth element-containing compound, and a hydrophobic film. The rare earth conversion coating film is arranged to directly cover at least part of a surface of the metal substrate of the heat exchanger, and at least part of the hydrophobic coating layer is further away from the metal substrate than the rare earth conversion film. The heat exchanger is provided with hydrophobicity by the coating layer, which facilitates the discharge of condensed water, and improves the corrosion resistance and prolongs the service life of the heat exchanger.

A heat exchanger core comprises a plurality of tubes extending along a first fluid axis, each of the plurality of tubes comprising a leading edge, a trailing edge opposite the leading edge, and a pair of oppositely disposed sidewalls extending from the leading edge to the trailing edge. The leading edge, trailing edge, and the pair of sidewalls define an inner surface and an outer surface of each of the plurality of tubes. Each of a first subset of the plurality of tubes further comprises a roughened region on the outer surface of one of the pair of sidewalls.

A pressure vessel includes a first container and a second container surrounding the first container and including a fluid port. The pressure vessel further includes a barrier space extending between the first container and the second container and a leak detection mechanism connected to the fluid port on the second container that is configured to detect a leak in the pressure vessel.

A passive flow divider for providing outflows is described. The passive flow divider includes at least one inlet for an inflow and a plurality of outlets for said outflows, a housing enclosing a main partition that separates an intake space and a discharge space, a common end located at an interface between the intake space and the discharge space, and a baffle arranged in the intake space between said inlet and the common end. The passive flow divider further includes a plurality of distribution chambers arranged in the discharge space and adjacent to each other, each distribution chamber being arranged to lead an outflow from the common end to one of the outlets.