A cooling system for a vehicle may include a cooling water temperature sensor, a cooling circulation fluid passage including first, second and third fluid passages, wherein the cooling water exhausted from the engine may be branched into the first fluid passage provided with a heater core, the second fluid passage provided with a radiator, and the third fluid passage provided with an exhaust heat recovery apparatus, a fluid flow adjusting valve provided on a point at which the cooling water passing through the cooling water temperature sensor may be branched into the first fluid passage to the third fluid passage to adjust a flow of the cooling water, and a controlling part controlling the first fluid passage to the third fluid passage to be selectively opened or closed by operating the fluid flow adjusting valve depending on the temperature of the cooling water, in a heating mode and a non-heating mode.

An inline heater includes a heater core that includes a heat spreader assembly comprising a tubular heat spreader that extends axially along a longitudinal axis and that comprises an external surface. The heat spreader assembly includes a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet. At least one conduit extends helically about the longitudinal axis of the heat spreader between the fluid inlet and the fluid outlet to define a fluid heating flow path that fluidically connects the fluid inlet and the fluid outlet. The heat spreader assembly further comprising an electrically operated heating element for heating the heat spreader.

An inline heater includes a heater core that includes a heat spreader assembly comprising a tubular heat spreader that extends axially along a longitudinal axis and that comprises an external surface. The heat spreader assembly includes a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet. At least one conduit extends helically about the longitudinal axis of the heat spreader between the fluid inlet and the fluid outlet to define a fluid heating flow path that fluidically connects the fluid inlet and the fluid outlet. The heat spreader assembly further comprising an electrically operated heating element for heating the heat spreader.

One aspect of the invention provides a composite refrigeration line set including: a suction line and a return line. One or more of the lines are a composite refrigeration line set tube including: an inner plastic tube; a first adhesive layer external to the inner plastic tube; an aluminum layer surrounding the first adhesive layer and coupled to the inner plastic tube via the first adhesive layer; a second adhesive layer external to the aluminum layer; and an outer plastic layer surrounding the aluminum layer and coupled to the aluminum layer via the second adhesive layer. The outer plastic tube includes a flame-resistant compound combined with PERT. The composite refrigeration line set tube has a flame and smoke spread rating of no more than 25/50 when tested in isolation using Appendix A1.22 of the CAN/ULC-S102-10 Standard Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials and Assemblies.

A tube used in a heat exchanger, wherein a tube body includes a curved end portion, a pair of parallel portions, a pair of inclination portions, and a fixed portion in which a long end part extending from one of the pair of inclination portions is bent to hold therebetween a short end part extending from the other of the pair of inclination portions, and the tube is a pipe member having a flattened shape in cross-section. Poor brazing is reduced by making the inclination angle of at least part of the other inclination portion with respect to the flat plate portion larger than that of the one inclination portion.

Disclosed herein is an article including a path that extends across at least a portion of a surface of the article, the path being defined by at least one channel that traverses at least a portion of the surface or a first plurality of spaced features disposed on or in at least a portion of the surface; the spaced features arranged in a plurality of groupings; the groupings of features comprising repeat units; the spaced features within a grouping being spaced apart at an average distance of about 1 nanometer to about 500 micrometers to define a path that traverses the plurality of spaced features; each feature having a surface that is substantially parallel to a surface on a neighboring feature; each feature being separated from its neighboring feature; the groupings of features being arranged with respect to one another so as to define a tortuous pathway.

Disclosed herein is an article including a path that extends across at least a portion of a surface of the article, the path being defined by at least one channel that traverses at least a portion of the surface or a first plurality of spaced features disposed on or in at least a portion of the surface; the spaced features arranged in a plurality of groupings; the groupings of features comprising repeat units; the spaced features within a grouping being spaced apart at an average distance of about 1 nanometer to about 500 micrometers to define a path that traverses the plurality of spaced features; each feature having a surface that is substantially parallel to a surface on a neighboring feature; each feature being separated from its neighboring feature; the groupings of features being arranged with respect to one another so as to define a tortuous pathway.

The invention relates to a brazable three-layered aluminum composite material having at least three layers with at least two different aluminum alloys, whereby an inner layer of the at least three layers is an aluminum brazing layer made from an aluminum brazing alloy, the other layers are configured as covering layers and include at least one further aluminum alloy, wherein the at least one further aluminum alloy has a higher solidus temperature than the liquidus temperature of the aluminum brazing alloy. The individual covering layers have a thickness which exceeds the thickness of the aluminum brazing layer by at least a factor of 1.5, preferably by a factor of 5. The brazable aluminum composite material is simply structured, has good brazing properties for the production of butt-joint brazing connections, significantly reduces the risk of a ‘burning through’ of brazed-on components and provides sufficient mechanical properties.

The invention relates to a brazable three-layered aluminum composite material having at least three layers with at least two different aluminum alloys, whereby an inner layer of the at least three layers is an aluminum brazing layer made from an aluminum brazing alloy, the other layers are configured as covering layers and include at least one further aluminum alloy, wherein the at least one further aluminum alloy has a higher solidus temperature than the liquidus temperature of the aluminum brazing alloy. The individual covering layers have a thickness which exceeds the thickness of the aluminum brazing layer by at least a factor of 1.5, preferably by a factor of 5. The brazable aluminum composite material is simply structured, has good brazing properties for the production of butt-joint brazing connections, significantly reduces the risk of a ‘burning through’ of brazed-on components and provides sufficient mechanical properties.

The present invention provides a tri-piece thermal energy body heat exchanger having multi-layer pipeline and transferring heat to exterior through outer periphery of pipeline, which is configured by multiple layers of pipelines sleeved with each other, the fluid in the outer layer pipeline covers the inner layer pipeline for exchanging heat with the fluid in the inner layer pipeline, and the fluid in the outer layer pipeline is further used for transferring heat to the solid or fluid state thermal energy body which is in contact with the outer periphery of the outer layer pipeline, thereby forming a three-layer annular tri-piece thermal energy body heat exchanger.