A plate fin fluid processing device includes active layers, where each active layer includes a fin plate sandwiched between parting sheets so that an active fluid space is defined between the parting sheets. The active layers include an outermost active layer having an inlet and an outlet. A contingent layer body is positioned adjacent to the outermost active layer and includes a fin plate positioned between a parting sheet and a cap sheet. The contingent layer body has a fluid space that is sealed with respect to the atmosphere. A pressure monitoring system is in communication with the fluid space of the contingent layer body. An emergency pressure relief device is configured to release a pressure within the fluid space if a preset pressure is exceeded.

A composite member may include an inorganic porous layer on a surface of metal. The inorganic porous layer may include ceramic fibers. The inorganic porous layer may be constituted of 15 mass % or more of an alumina constituent and 45 mass % or more of a titania constituent.

A shell-and-tube heat exchanger according to the present invention comprises: an outer barrel having a cavity provided therein such that heating water flows along the same; a lower tube plate that covers an opening near one end of the outer barrel; an upper tube plate that covers an opening near the other end of the outer barrel, the upper tube plate providing an inner space in which a heat source is positioned; a plurality of flues for guiding combustion gas from the upper tube plate to the outside of the lower tube plate; and a main diaphragm arranged across a reference direction between the lower tube plate and the upper tube plate, a plurality of through-holes being formed in the main diaphragm such that the flues penetrate the same, wherein at least some of the through-holes constitute a large-width through-hole (single hole) that at least two of the flues penetrate together.

A system and method for collecting heat generated by the microbial action in a septic system effluent disposal area that is then transferred to a building structure where it may provide, for example, the temperature differential for a heat exchanger in a heat pump, thereby being the energy source for heating and cooling buildings.

A heat-radiating substrate with a high insulation-withstand voltage and an excellent heat-radiating property is provided. The heat-radiating substrate includes: a metal base material; a metal thin layer formed over the metal base material and having a hardness higher than a hardness of the metal base material; and a ceramic layer over the metal thin layer. Alternatively, the heat-radiating substrate includes, instead of the metal thin layer, a hardened layer serving as a surface layer of the metal base material and having a hardness higher than the hardness of the metal base material. The metal thin layer and the hardened layer are able to enhance compressive stress or prevent release of the compressive stress generated in the ceramic layer by a mechanical impact applied to the ceramic layer.

A heat-radiating substrate with a high insulation-withstand voltage and an excellent heat-radiating property is provided. The heat-radiating substrate includes: a metal base material; a metal thin layer formed over the metal base material and having a hardness higher than a hardness of the metal base material; and a ceramic layer over the metal thin layer. Alternatively, the heat-radiating substrate includes, instead of the metal thin layer, a hardened layer serving as a surface layer of the metal base material and having a hardness higher than the hardness of the metal base material. The metal thin layer and the hardened layer are able to enhance compressive stress or prevent release of the compressive stress generated in the ceramic layer by a mechanical impact applied to the ceramic layer.

Heat exchanger (100) for heat exchange between a first medium and a second medium, comprising a main inlet (101) and a main outlet (102) for the first medium; and a plurality of heat exchanging plates (110), each of which comprising a plate inlet (111) and a plate outlet (112) for the first medium; and a respective first heat transfer surface (114) on a first side (113) and arranged to be in contact with the first medium flowing along said first side; a respective second heat transfer surface (116) on a second side (115) and arranged to be in contact with the second medium flowing along said second side; a respective plurality of indentations (120,130,140); wherein the plates are fastened together in a stack, comprising plates of a first type (104a) and plates of a second type (104b) arranged alternatingly, whereby corresponding ones of said indentations of adjacent plates are arranged in direct abutting contact with each other, so that flow channels (105′,105″,106) for said first and second media are formed between said surfaces. The invention is characterised in that each plate of the first type comprises a respective ridge-shaped indentation (120), arranged to form a closed flow first medium channel (105′,105″), in that each plate of the first type comprises a respective bridge-shaped indentation (130), formed to comprise a through hole (132a,132b) arranged to form an open flow channel (106) for the second medium, and in that said open flow channel communicates with corresponding open flow channels between other pairs of first and second type plates.

Plate (110) for a heat exchanger (100) between a first medium and a second medium, the plate comprising a first heat transfer surface (114) on a first side (113) of the plate, arranged to be in contact with the first medium; a second heat transfer surface (116) on a second side (115) of the plate, arranged to be in contact with the second medium; a plurality of indentations (120, 130, 140) in the plate (110; 210; 310), bulging out locally in a plate height direction (H), which plate is arranged to be stacked together with similar plates to form a heat exchanger heat plate stack. The invention is characterised in that the plate comprises a ridge-shaped indentation, arranged to form, together with a corresponding ridge-shaped indentation of an adjacent plate in said stack, a closed flow channel (105′, 105″) for the first medium with a general flow direction, in that the said closed channel comprises a floor (105a) and a ceiling (105b), as viewed in the height direction, and comprises a step (105c) in the height direction along said general flow direction by the said floor and said ceiling both being offset in same height direction.

A hydronic panel and system for heating and/or cooling a room is disclosed. The hydronic panel includes a plurality of contiguous channels. A first chamber is located at a first end, preferably the upper end, of the panel and includes an inlet and communicates with a first subset of the channels. A second chamber is located at an opposite end of the panel and communicates with the first subset and also with a second subset of the channels. A third chamber is located at the first end of the panel, the third chamber communicates with the second subset of the channels and includes an outlet. In this configuration, heated or cooled water flows from the inlet into the first chamber, through the first subset of the channels, to the second chamber, through the second subset of the channels, into the third chamber and out the outlet. Consequently, the heated or cooled water can heat or cool the space. In addition to at least one hydronic panel, the system includes a source of heated and/or cooled water under sufficient pressure to cause the water to flow through the panel. The system also includes a controller to control one or both of the temperature of the water and the flow rate of the water through the panel.

The present invention relates to the use of an anisotropic fluoropolymer having a different intrinsic thermal conductivity in at least two directions as a heat conducting material in a thermally conductive article, to a thermally conductive article comprising said anisotropic fluoropolymer and to a process for the production of said anisotropic fluoropolymer.