A precooler for an aircraft engine system includes a precooler core and a precooler inlet to direct a compressor bleed flow into the precooler core to cool the compressor bleed flow. The precooler further includes a precooler outlet to direct the compressor bleed flow from the precooler to a selected component of the aircraft engine system and a precooler bleed port through which a portion of the compressor bleed flow is diverted to a secondary component of the aircraft engine system. The precooler bleed port is oriented such that flow entering the precooler bleed port must substantially reverse direction from a direction of the compressor bleed flow through the precooler.

An apparatus for producing a composition that includes nano-bubbles dispersed in a liquid carrier includes: (a) an elongate housing comprising a first end and a second end, the housing defining a liquid inlet, a liquid outlet, and an interior cavity adapted for receiving the liquid carrier from a liquid source; and (b) a gas-permeable member at least partially disposed within the interior cavity of the housing. The gas-permeable member includes an open end adapted for receiving a pressurized gas from a gas source, a closed end, and a porous sidewall extending between the open and closed ends having a mean pore size no greater than 1.0 μm. The gas-permeable member defines an inner surface, an outer surface, and a lumen. The housing and gas-permeable member are configured to form a composition that includes the liquid carrier and the nano-bubbles dispersed therein.

A method for controlling water chemistry in a power generation plant including a low-pressure feedwater heater (18), a deaerator (19), and a high-pressure feedwater heater (20) disposed sequentially along a feedwater pipe (16) from a condenser (15) to a steam generator or a boiler (11) to control the chemistry of feedwater guided to the steam generator or the boiler includes the steps of: injecting an oxidant through an oxidant injection line (31) into feedwater flowing through the feedwater pipe disposed downstream of the condenser in such a way that a dissolved oxygen concentration in the feedwater ranges from 3 to 100 ppb while the feedwater is maintained to be neutral to form an oxide film on surfaces of the feedwater pipe, the low-pressure feedwater heater, the deaerator, the high-pressure feedwater heater, and other structural members that come into contact with the feedwater; and injecting a deoxidant through a deoxidant injection line (35) into the feedwater flowing through the feedwater pipe disposed downstream of the deaerator in such a way that the dissolved oxygen concentration in the feedwater flowing into the steam generator or the boiler lowers to 5 ppb or lower.

A method for controlling water chemistry in a power generation plant including a low-pressure feedwater heater (18), a deaerator (19), and a high-pressure feedwater heater (20) disposed sequentially along a feedwater pipe (16) from a condenser (15) to a steam generator or a boiler (11) to control the chemistry of feedwater guided to the steam generator or the boiler includes the steps of: injecting an oxidant through an oxidant injection line (31) into feedwater flowing through the feedwater pipe disposed downstream of the condenser in such a way that a dissolved oxygen concentration in the feedwater ranges from 3 to 100 ppb while the feedwater is maintained to be neutral to form an oxide film on surfaces of the feedwater pipe, the low-pressure feedwater heater, the deaerator, the high-pressure feedwater heater, and other structural members that come into contact with the feedwater; and injecting a deoxidant through a deoxidant injection line (35) into the feedwater flowing through the feedwater pipe disposed downstream of the deaerator in such a way that the dissolved oxygen concentration in the feedwater flowing into the steam generator or the boiler lowers to 5 ppb or lower.

A raw gas collection system for collecting raw gas from a plurality of aluminium smelting pots is equipped with a plurality of branch ducts, each of which is arranged to channel a respective branch flow of raw gas from an aluminium smelting pot to a collection duct, which is common to and shared by the branch ducts. Each of said branch ducts is, near an outlet thereof, equipped with a curved section for aligning the branch flow with a flow direction of raw gas already present in the common collection duct, and a constriction for accelerating the branch flow through the branch duct outlet into the common collection duct. Furthermore, each of said branch ducts is equipped with a heat exchanger for removing heat from the respective branch flow of raw gas. The combined flow resistance of the constriction and the heat exchanger reduces the need for adjusting the respective branch flows using dampers, thereby reducing the power required to transport the raw gas.

A controller performs a first operation in which a heat source device directly or indirectly heats water in a first channel of a heat exchanger and a second operation in which the heat source device directly or indirectly cools the water in the first channel of the heat exchanger after the first operation ends.

A cooling tower having a controller installed within the cooling tower which controls the operation of pump motors, fans, dampers, valves and adjusts the speed of the fan and pump motor. The controller is placed inside a compartment which is attached to an inside surface of the cooling tower. The compartment has an inlet and an outlet such that conditioned air enters the compartment inlet and flows over the surface of the controller to either cool or heat the controller and then the conditioned air, which has flowed over the surface of the controller, exits the compartment through the compartment outlet.

A heat exchanger which may be used in an engine, such as a vehicle engine for an aircraft or orbital launch vehicle. is provided. The heat exchanger may be configured as generally drum-shaped with a multitude of spiral sections, each containing numerous small diameter tubes. The spiral sections may spiral inside one another. The heat exchanger may include a support structure with a plurality of mutually axially spaced hoop supports, and may incorporate an intermediate header. The heat exchanger may incorporate recycling of methanol or other antifreeze used to prevent blocking of the heat exchanger due to frost or ice formation.

A heat exchanger which may be used in an engine, such as a vehicle engine for an aircraft or orbital launch vehicle. is provided. The heat exchanger may be configured as generally drum-shaped with a multitude of spiral sections, each containing numerous small diameter tubes. The spiral sections may spiral inside one another. The heat exchanger may include a support structure with a plurality of mutually axially spaced hoop supports, and may incorporate an intermediate header. The heat exchanger may incorporate recycling of methanol or other antifreeze used to prevent blocking of the heat exchanger due to frost or ice formation.

A method to condense and liquefy vapor by introducing the vapor into a heat exchanger and bringing same into contact with a cooling body in the heat exchanger, wherein a droplet condensation promoting agent is directly added to the vapor introduced into the heat exchanger or to the heat exchanger. A droplet condensation promoting effect due to the droplet condensation promoting agent can be sufficiently manifested and condensation efficiency by droplet condensation can be improved by way of directly adding the droplet condensation promoting agent such as a film forming amine or the like to the vapor introduced into the heat exchanger or to the heat exchanger.