The present invention provides a technique for improving the cooling performance of a cooling tower in a circulating cooling water system having the cooling tower. The present invention provides a method for improving cooling performance of a cooling tower in a circulating cooling water system having the cooling tower, wherein cooling water used in the circulating cooling water system is cooling water to which an agent including a surfactant is added, and the cooling water satisfies (a) a dynamic contact angle of 55° or less and (b) a bubble bulkiness of 250 mL or less.

The present invention provides a technique for improving the cooling performance of a cooling tower in a circulating cooling water system having the cooling tower. The present invention provides a method for improving cooling performance of a cooling tower in a circulating cooling water system having the cooling tower, wherein cooling water used in the circulating cooling water system is cooling water to which an agent including a surfactant is added, and the cooling water satisfies (a) a dynamic contact angle of 55° or less and (b) a bubble bulkiness of 250 mL or less.

A dissipating device configured to dissipate the heat energy generated by the heat sources in the electronic devices. When the dissipating device contacts the heat sources, the heat energy can be absorbed by the dissipating device. The working fluid is stored within the dissipating device such that the working fluid can undergo a phase transition after the dissipating device absorbs heat energy. Then the working fluid can circulate inside the dissipating device. Accordingly, the heat-dissipation mechanism, which is applied to the dissipating device contacting the electronic devices, can be effectively sped up. The dissipating device is formed into a thin structure to achieve an excellent heat-dissipation effect with a limited heat-dissipation area.

A water block for cooling a heat-generating component has a body defining an internal fluid conduit for circulating fluid within the water block. The body defines a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet for feeding fluid into and discharging fluid from the internal fluid conduit respectively. The body includes: an external thermal transfer surface configured to be in contact with the heat-generating component; an opposite external surface on an opposite side of the body from the external thermal transfer surface; and at least one hollow fin extending from the opposite external surface, the at least one hollow fin defining at least one external fin passage, each of the at least one hollow fin defining an internal fin recess that forms part of the internal fluid conduit of the water block.

A water block for cooling a heat-generating component has a body defining an internal fluid conduit for circulating fluid within the water block. The body defines a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet for feeding fluid into and discharging fluid from the internal fluid conduit respectively. The body includes: an external thermal transfer surface configured to be in contact with the heat-generating component; an opposite external surface on an opposite side of the body from the external thermal transfer surface; and at least one hollow fin extending from the opposite external surface, the at least one hollow fin defining at least one external fin passage, each of the at least one hollow fin defining an internal fin recess that forms part of the internal fluid conduit of the water block.

A regeneration device for regenerating a coolant dispersion with phase change material includes: a redispersion unit for redispersing the coolant dispersion, the redispersion unit including a restrictor; and a recooling unit that enables freezing of a phase change material by dissipating heat stored in the coolant dispersion. The recooling unit is arranged so that dissipated heat is at least partially recuperated in order to heat up the coolant dispersion to an inlet temperature.

Barocaloric heat transfer systems and related methods are generally described. In some embodiments, a heat transfer system may include a barocaloric material which may generate heat upon compression and may cool down upon decompression. The barocaloric material may be pressurized using high pressure and low pressure fluids, which may, in some embodiments, also transfer heat to/from the barocaloric material. The heat transfer system may also include a hot heat exchanger to dissipate heat from the heat transfer system to a first environment and a cold heat exchanger to absorb heat from a second environment, effectively cooling the second environment. In some embodiments, the barocaloric material may be in particulate form.

Disclosed are methods and functional elements for enhanced thermal management of predominantly enclosed spaces. In particular, the invention enables the construction of buildings with reduced power requirements for heating and/or air-conditioning systems since under certain conditions less energy for heating or cooling is required to maintain, within certain boundaries, desirable temperatures inside such buildings, habitats, or other enclosed spaces.

In some instances the invention is in part based on dynamically changing functional elements with variable properties, or effective properties, in terms of their electromagnetic radiative behavior and/or their thermal energy storage properties, or the spatial distribution of the stored thermal energy, which permits the application of methods and algorithms to control the overall thermal behavior of the entire structure in such a way that desired levels of inside temperature can be reached with reduced consumption of external energy (typically electricity, gas, oil, or coal).

In some instances no conventional heating of cooling is required at all, whereas in other instances the expenditure of external energy for conventional heating or cooling is reduced. In some instances the invention enables the reduction of the time to reach desired temperatures inside such buildings, habitats, or other predominantly enclosed spaces.

Disclosed are methods and functional elements for enhanced thermal management of predominantly enclosed spaces. In particular, the invention enables the construction of buildings with reduced power requirements for heating and/or air-conditioning systems since under certain conditions less energy for heating or cooling is required to maintain, within certain boundaries, desirable temperatures inside such buildings, habitats, or other enclosed spaces.

In some instances the invention is in part based on dynamically changing functional elements with variable properties, or effective properties, in terms of their electromagnetic radiative behavior and/or their thermal energy storage properties, or the spatial distribution of the stored thermal energy, which permits the application of methods and algorithms to control the overall thermal behavior of the entire structure in such a way that desired levels of inside temperature can be reached with reduced consumption of external energy (typically electricity, gas, oil, or coal).

In some instances no conventional heating of cooling is required at all, whereas in other instances the expenditure of external energy for conventional heating or cooling is reduced. In some instances the invention enables the reduction of the time to reach desired temperatures inside such buildings, habitats, or other predominantly enclosed spaces.

The invention provides a novel composition comprising cis-1,2-difluoroethylene. The invention provides the following: a composition comprising cis-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(Z)) and at least one additional compound; the composition that is an azeotropic or azeotrope-like composition; and use of the composition as a heat transfer medium, a foaming agent, or a propellant.