A closed-loop temperature controller employing at least two sensors: a control temperature sensor and a safety sensor at the heat-transfer element. The heat-generating element is separated from the controlled mass/volume by a transport delay so that the mass or volume that is being heated or cooled is located in a vessel which is located remotely from the heat-transfer unit. Thermally conducting fluid flows through a conduit that connects the heat-transfer unit to the vessel. Upon fluid flow interruption or control sensor removal, the temperature controller quickly detects thermal runaway before the safety sensor has reached the critical temperature. In heated systems, the temperature controller will therefore minimize direct damage and/or overshoot damage caused by excessive heat. It will also maintain the heater's output at an elevated, but non-damaging level to enable a fast recovery to the original setpoint temperature after the nonlinearity subsides.

A closed-loop temperature controller employing at least two sensors: a control temperature sensor and a safety sensor at the heat-transfer element. The heat-generating element is separated from the controlled mass/volume by a transport delay so that the mass or volume that is being heated or cooled is located in a vessel which is located remotely from the heat-transfer unit. Thermally conducting fluid flows through a conduit that connects the heat-transfer unit to the vessel. Upon fluid flow interruption or control sensor removal, the temperature controller quickly detects thermal runaway before the safety sensor has reached the critical temperature. In heated systems, the temperature controller will therefore minimize direct damage and/or overshoot damage caused by excessive heat. It will also maintain the heater's output at an elevated, but non-damaging level to enable a fast recovery to the original setpoint temperature after the nonlinearity subsides.

A method by a controller of a cooling system includes calculating a difference between a first temperature of ambient air and a second temperature of pre-cooled air. The pre-cooled air is ambient air that has been cooled by water from a water distribution system before it enters one or more condenser coils. The method further includes determining that the difference between the first and second temperatures is less than or equal to a predetermined temperature difference, and in response, determining that the first temperature is greater than or equal to a minimum temperature. The method further includes, if the first temperature is greater than or equal to the minimum temperature, instructing the water distribution system to distribute the water to pre-cool the ambient air for a predetermined length of time and to disable the distribution of the water after the predetermined amount of time has elapsed.

A heat exchanger assembly comprises a heat exchanger for heat exchange between at least a first heat exchange fluid and a second heat exchange fluid. The heat exchanger comprises at least one heat transfer element delimiting a first fluid path from a second fluid path, and a through connection for the first heat exchange fluid arranged at a first side portion of an outer structure of the heat exchanger. The assembly comprises a pressure pulse damping apparatus comprising an elastic element, and a first conduit leading to the elastic element. The first conduit comprises a first opening connected to the through connection of the heat exchanger such that the first conduit is fluidly connected with the first fluid path. The elastic element fluidly communicates with the first fluid path only via the first opening. There is further disclosed use of a pressure pulse damping apparatus comprising an elastic element.

A heat exchanger assembly comprises a heat exchanger for heat exchange between at least a first heat exchange fluid and a second heat exchange fluid. The heat exchanger comprises at least one heat transfer element delimiting a first fluid path from a second fluid path, and a through connection for the first heat exchange fluid arranged at a first side portion of an outer structure of the heat exchanger. The assembly comprises a pressure pulse damping apparatus comprising an elastic element, and a first conduit leading to the elastic element. The first conduit comprises a first opening connected to the through connection of the heat exchanger such that the first conduit is fluidly connected with the first fluid path. The elastic element fluidly communicates with the first fluid path only via the first opening. There is further disclosed use of a pressure pulse damping apparatus comprising an elastic element.

A ventilation device for ventilating rooms, has a first air routing device for routing a first flow of air, the routing device having a first room-side outlet, a first flow space in which at least one first fan capable of bidirectional operation is arranged, and a first outside outlet; a second air routing device for routing a second flow of air, which is fluidically completely separate from the first air routing device and has a second room-side outlet, a second flow space in which at least one second fan capable of bidirectional operation is arranged, and a second outside outlet; an integral gas-solid heat exchanger adapted to route the first flow of air and the second flow of air in a respective set of passageways, in a fluidically separated but thermally coupled manner, wherein the solid in the first and the second air routing device additionally forms a respective regenerator.

A method for dynamically monitoring temperature of a fluid at a heat generating device includes monitoring, using a temperature sensor, temperature of the fluid held in a fluidic sump. A first fluidic flow rate and a second fluidic flow rate are determined. A third fluidic flow rate and a temperature drop of the fluid across the heat exchanger in the active coolant circuit are determined based upon the temperature of the fluid and the third fluidic flow rate through the active coolant circuit. A fluid temperature supplied to the electric machine through the active coolant circuit is determined based upon the third fluidic flow rate and the temperature drop of the fluid across the heat exchanger. An effective temperature of the fluid is determined based upon the temperature of the fluid in the sump and the temperature of the fluid supplied to the electric machine through the active coolant circuit.

A method for dynamically monitoring temperature of a fluid at a heat generating device includes monitoring, using a temperature sensor, temperature of the fluid held in a fluidic sump. A first fluidic flow rate and a second fluidic flow rate are determined. A third fluidic flow rate and a temperature drop of the fluid across the heat exchanger in the active coolant circuit are determined based upon the temperature of the fluid and the third fluidic flow rate through the active coolant circuit. A fluid temperature supplied to the electric machine through the active coolant circuit is determined based upon the third fluidic flow rate and the temperature drop of the fluid across the heat exchanger. An effective temperature of the fluid is determined based upon the temperature of the fluid in the sump and the temperature of the fluid supplied to the electric machine through the active coolant circuit.

A cooling system, comprising: a heat exchange module, wherein the heat exchange module at least comprises a first channel and a second channel that are independent from each other; a first cooling circuit, wherein the first cooling circuit is connected to the first channel of the heat exchange module; and a second cooling circuit, wherein the second cooling circuit is connected to the first channel of the heat exchange module, and a first coolant in the first cooling circuit and/or a second coolant in the second cooling circuit can flow through the first channel of the heat exchange module so as to be used for performing heat exchange with a third coolant that flows through the second channel of the heat exchange module. According to the cooling system, the reliability of the cooling system can be improved by means of the design of dual cooling circuits.

A cooling system, comprising: a heat exchange module, wherein the heat exchange module at least comprises a first channel and a second channel that are independent from each other; a first cooling circuit, wherein the first cooling circuit is connected to the first channel of the heat exchange module; and a second cooling circuit, wherein the second cooling circuit is connected to the first channel of the heat exchange module, and a first coolant in the first cooling circuit and/or a second coolant in the second cooling circuit can flow through the first channel of the heat exchange module so as to be used for performing heat exchange with a third coolant that flows through the second channel of the heat exchange module. According to the cooling system, the reliability of the cooling system can be improved by means of the design of dual cooling circuits.