The following provides a system and method to predict an indicator of tube fouling in a fired apparatus such as a boiler. Historical data can be collected when the tubing is still considered to be clean, and used to build a first model between an indicator of fouling, such as tube skin temperature, and boiler load. The actual measurement of that indicator of fouling can then be compared against the model output, such that the error between the model and measurement is considered an indication of the tube fouling. Moreover, the rate of change of the model error can be used to measure the fouling rate. Next, historical data on the fluid feed quality can be collected and together with the historical error rate change data can be combined to develop a second model. This second model reflects how fluid feed quality variables may affect the fouling rate over time.

In one aspect, a fan array fault response control system is provided for a cooling tower. The fan array fault response control system includes a fan interface configured to be in communication with a plurality of fans of the cooling tower and a processor operably coupled to the fan interface. The processor is configured to detect at least one non-operational fan of the plurality of fans. The processor configured to effect, in response to detecting the at least one non-operational fan, a reduced fan speed of at least one operational fan of the plurality of fans.

In one aspect, a fan array fault response control system is provided for a cooling tower. The fan array fault response control system includes a fan interface configured to be in communication with a plurality of fans of the cooling tower and a processor operably coupled to the fan interface. The processor is configured to detect at least one non-operational fan of the plurality of fans. The processor configured to effect, in response to detecting the at least one non-operational fan, a reduced fan speed of at least one operational fan of the plurality of fans.

A crude oil refinery pre-heat train (PHT) includes a crude oil stream pipeline system that extends through the PHT and is configured to carry a stream of crude oil from an inlet of the PHT to a furnace of the PHT; heat exchangers positioned in the crude oil stream pipeline system; and a control system. The heat exchangers include a first set of heat exchangers positioned in the crude oil stream pipeline system between the inlet of the PHT and one or more de-salters of the PHT; a second set of heat exchangers positioned in the crude oil stream pipeline system between the one or more de-salters of the PHT and one or more pre-flash drums of the PHT; and a third set of heat exchangers positioned between the one or more pre-flash drums of the PHT and the furnace of the PHT.

A system and method for evaporative cooling a radiator of an electric vehicle. The system includes a fluid tank containing a fluid, a nozzle fluidly coupled to the fluid tank, and an electronic processor. The electronic processor is configured to receive environmental condition information, determine a first effectiveness factor of operating the nozzle to cool the radiator based on the environmental condition information, and determine a second effectiveness factor of cooling the radiator by operating a thermal management system. The electronic processor is further configured to operate the nozzle such that a fluid output is ejected at the radiator of the vehicle when the first effectiveness factor is greater than the second effectiveness factor.

A system and method for evaporative cooling a radiator of an electric vehicle. The system includes a fluid tank containing a fluid, a nozzle fluidly coupled to the fluid tank, and an electronic processor. The electronic processor is configured to receive environmental condition information, determine a first effectiveness factor of operating the nozzle to cool the radiator based on the environmental condition information, and determine a second effectiveness factor of cooling the radiator by operating a thermal management system. The electronic processor is further configured to operate the nozzle such that a fluid output is ejected at the radiator of the vehicle when the first effectiveness factor is greater than the second effectiveness factor.

A system for reducing evaporative cooling water losses using an electric and magnetic field inducing device is disclosed. The device influences a liquid's properties including evaporation rate, diffusion, vapor, heat transfer rate, and/or fluid properties. The device comprises a malleable core with notches and electrically conductive windings wrapped around the flexible core around the notches. An insulative coating isolates the windings from the core. The device is pliable and is wrapped and/or attached around a conduit (e.g., a makeup line or pipe or a recirculating line or pipe of an evaporative cooling tower) with flowing fluid and current is passed through the windings to treat the fluid.

A liquid immersion tank includes a housing configured to house a heat generator, a gutter provided over the housing, and configured to form a flow path through which a coolant flows, a flow rate adjuster provided at an outflow port through which the coolant flows out from the flow path, and configured to adjust an outflow amount of the coolant, a slope provided over the housing, and configured to include a down-flow surface through which the coolant branched from the flow path flows down toward the housing, the coolant flowing through the flow rate adjuster, and a tank configured to accommodate the housing.

A liquid immersion tank includes a housing configured to house a heat generator, a gutter provided over the housing, and configured to form a flow path through which a coolant flows, a flow rate adjuster provided at an outflow port through which the coolant flows out from the flow path, and configured to adjust an outflow amount of the coolant, a slope provided over the housing, and configured to include a down-flow surface through which the coolant branched from the flow path flows down toward the housing, the coolant flowing through the flow rate adjuster, and a tank configured to accommodate the housing.

A regulating device for regulating a cooling circuit is described. The regulating device according to the disclosure includes a first regulating stage, wherein the first regulating stage is designed to determine, using one or more input variables, a cooling/heating power of the cooling circuit or a variable proportional thereto. The first regulating stage is also designed to determine a first control deviation. The first regulating stage is also designed to output a controlled variable of the first regulating stage comprising a desired temperature of a coolant or a variable proportional thereto, which is derived from the first control deviation. The regulating device according to the disclosure also includes a second regulating stage, wherein the second regulating stage is positioned in series with the first regulating stage and designed to receive the controlled variable of the first regulating stage as a control output. The second regulating stage is also designed to determine a second control deviation. The second regulating stage is also designed to output a controlled variable of the second regulating stage comprising an abstract signal, which is derived from the second control deviation.