Heat exchanger assemblies are provided that can include: a heat exchanger housing; at least one primary conduit operably coupled to the heat exchanger housing and configured to convey a primary heat exchange fluid; at least one secondary conduit operably coupled to the heat exchanger housing and configured to convey a secondary heat exchange fluid; at least one thermal interface between the primary and secondary fluids; and at least one sensor operably engaged with the thermal interface. Heat exchanger assemblies including molten salt, liquid metal, or water/steam as part of the heat exchange fluids of the heat exchanger assembly are provided. The heat exchanger assemblies can include: at least one thermal interface between primary and secondary heat exchange fluids of the heat exchanger assembly; and a sensor operably engaged with the at least one interface. The sensor must be installed in conjunction with the heat exchanger fabrication process as an embedded sensor. Methods for determining the structural integrity of a thermal interface within a heat exchanger assembly using the sensor are provided. The methods can include, while at least one or both of the primary or secondary conduits contain heat exchange fluid, reading structural integrity information of the thermal interface between the heat exchange fluids using one or more sensors engaged with the thermal interface.

A controller configured to: acquire a temperature of a first component and a temperature of a second component; and adjust a thermal resistance of a medium between the first component and the second component based on the acquired temperature of the first component, the acquired temperature of the second component, a first temperature limit of the first component, and a second temperature limit of the second component.

A heating system includes at least one electric heater disposed within the fluid flow system. A control device includes a microprocessor and is configured to determine a temperature of the at least one electric heater based on a model and at least one input from the fluid flow system. The control device is configured to provide power to the at least one electric heater based on the temperature of the at least one electric heater.

An active fluid cooled heatsink assembly for modular components is disclosed. The active fluid heatsink assembly includes a fluid cooled heatsink, the heatsink further comprising: an inlet, an outlet, and a surface, wherein fluid passing through the heatsink is received by the inlet at a first temperature and expelled from the outlet at a second temperature, wherein the second temperature is higher than the first temperature; and at least one resource adapter, each resource adapter further comprising a first surface having a shape which conforms to a corresponding electronic resource of at least one electronic resource and a second surface having a shape corresponding to at least a portion of the surface of the fluid cooled heatsink, wherein each resource adapter exchanges heat from the corresponding electronic resource to the fluid cooled heatsink, and wherein the at least one resource adapter is mounted on the surface of the fluid cooled heatsink.

Disclosed is a method and a device for detecting a non-condensable portion of a medium, which has at least one condensable portion and is present at least partially in gaseous form, wherein in a first method step a temperature measuring device measures a temperature of the medium and a pressure measuring device measures a pressure of the medium, wherein in a second method step a ratio of the pressure to temperature is formed by means of an electronic measuring/operating circuit and this ratio is compared with a desired ratio of a desired pressure and a desired temperature, and wherein in a third method step the electronic measuring/operating circuit outputs a report in case of a minimum deviation of the ratio from the desired ratio.

A heat exchanger apparatus has a heating stage with a product side and a hot water side and a cooling stage with a product side and a coolant side, and also regeneration stages with treated and un-treated product sides. There are valves including a cooling stage outlet valve, and pressure sensors, and pumps for pumping process liquid through the product sides. A PLC controller is programmed to operate the pumps with outlet valves closed to pressurize the product sides of the stages at a pressure dynamically maintained by control of the pumps in response to sensed pressure. The valves are controlled to firstly vent the heating and cooling sides of the heating and cooling stages with the product sides pressurized, and then in a second phase to vent the downstream (treated) product sides of regeneration stages. Also, an in-line holding time test is performed by monitoring time for step rises in temperature to reach a temperature sensor and the outlet end of a holding tube.

An exhaust system is provided that includes an exhaust aftertreatment unit, first and second exhaust pathway in communication with and upstream of the exhaust aftertreatment unit, a thermally activated flow control device operable in a first and second mode, and a thermal storage device. In the first mode, the flow control device permits exhaust to flow to the aftertreatment unit through the first pathway and inhibits flow through the second pathway. In the second mode, the flow control device permits exhaust flow to the aftertreatment unit through the second pathway and inhibits flow through the first pathway. The flow control device may switch between the first and second modes based on a change of temperature. The thermal storage device is within the second pathway, stores thermal mass, and provides thermal insulation to enable a catalyst of the aftertreatment unit to maintain a predetermined temperature for a predetermined time.

The invention relates to a method for simulation of an isothermal and non-isothermal heating load introduced by a consuming device (V) into a process medium (M) of a cooling apparatus (1), said simulation being by means of a test bypass (2); and the invention further relates to such a test bypass (2), and a cooling apparatus having such a test bypass.

A plant or refinery may include equipment such as reactors, heaters, heat exchangers, regenerators, separators, or the like. Types of heat exchangers include shell and tube, plate, plate and shell, plate fin, air cooled, wetted-surface air cooled, or the like. Operating methods may impact deterioration in equipment condition, prolong equipment life, extend production operating time, or provide other benefits. Mechanical or digital sensors may be used for monitoring equipment, and sensor data may be programmatically analyzed to identify developing problems. For example, sensors may be used in conjunction with one or more system components to detect and correct maldistribution, cross-leakage, strain, pre-leakage, thermal stresses, fouling, vibration, problems in liquid lifting, conditions that can affect air-cooled exchangers, conditions that can affect a wetted-surface air-cooled heat exchanger, or the like. An operating condition or mode may be adjusted to prolong equipment life or avoid equipment failure.

A system for designing a circuitry configuration of heat-exchanger units includes an interface to acquire design parameters the heat-exchanger units, a memory to store computer-executable programs including a relaxed decision diagram formation module, and a processor, in connection with the memory, configured to perform the computer-executable programs. The computer-executable programs include steps of providing a configuration of the heat-exchanger units, providing the design parameters of the heat-exchanger units acquired via the interface, generating a relaxed decision diagram based on the design parameters, creating constraints with respect to connections of the heat-exchanger units according to the relaxed decision diagram, and generating feasible configurations of the heat-exchanger units by a mixed-integer-programing method using the constraints.