A heat pipe includes a container including a container substrate and a working fluid enclosed in the container. The working fluid contains water. The heat pipe includes a first film containing tin and/or a tin alloy on at least an inner surface of the container substrate and a second film formed on at least a part of a surface of the first film and containing an oxide and/or hydroxide containing tin.

The present invention addresses the problem of providing a sheet for heat exchange elements which has high gas-barrier properties, has high fungal resistance, and has water resistance such that the sheet can be used even under high-humidity conditions. The sheet for heat exchange elements has a multilayer structure comprising a porous base and a resin layer, and has a first surface and a second surface. The outermost layer of the sheet for heat exchange elements on the first-surface side is the resin layer. The resin layer comprises polyvinylpyrrolidone and/or a vinylpyrrolidone copolymer, and contains a fungicide.

A heat sink for use in induction welding includes a number of tiles, wherein the tiles are electrically non-conductive and have a thermal diffusivity of greater than about 25 mm2/sec. A joint flexibly joins the tiles together.

A method includes providing a first metal sheet and a second metal sheet, printing patterns of a plurality of obstructers, a plurality of channels, an evaporator channel, a condenser channel, and a connecting channel on the first metal sheet, bonding the first metal sheet and the second metal sheet to each other, separating the first metal sheet and the second metal sheet from each other to form the plurality of channels, the evaporator channel, the condenser channel, and the connecting channel by introducing a fluid between the first metal sheet and the second metal sheet, introducing working fluid in the plurality of channels, and sealing the first metal sheet and the second metal sheet.

A method includes providing a first metal sheet and a second metal sheet, printing patterns of a plurality of obstructers, a plurality of channels, an evaporator channel, a condenser channel, and a connecting channel on the first metal sheet, bonding the first metal sheet and the second metal sheet to each other, separating the first metal sheet and the second metal sheet from each other to form the plurality of channels, the evaporator channel, the condenser channel, and the connecting channel by introducing a fluid between the first metal sheet and the second metal sheet, introducing working fluid in the plurality of channels, and sealing the first metal sheet and the second metal sheet.

A method is provided for passivating an aluminum surface. According to the method, the aluminum surface is provided with a flux. A passivation solution is subsequently applied to the aluminum surface, such that a passivation layer is created by reaction of the passivation solution with the aluminum surface, which is provided with the flux.

The present disclosure provides a polyolefin film including a fibrous polyolefin having an average diameter of 0.1 μm or more and less than 1.0 μm, wherein the polyolefin film has a connected-void structure, has a void ratio a of 50% to 90%, has a thickness d in μm, which satisfies, together with the void ratio a, a relation of 40≤(d×(100−a)/100)≤200, and is used as a radiative cooling film, and a radiative cooling structure body including the polyolefin film.

The present invention provides a method of preventing high temperature corrosion on a heat exchanging surface of a biomass boiler, including: a first feeding step, supplying a first biomass fuel to the boiler; a deposition step, performing combustion on the first biomass fuel during initial operation of the boiler, and forming an inert deposition layer on a surface of a heat exchanger of the boiler; a second feeding step, supplying a second biomass fuel different from the first biomass fuel to the boiler; and a normal combustion step, performing combustion on the second biomass fuel. A direct contact of an alkali metal chloride with a metal pipe wall is prevented by forming an inert deposition layer on the surface of the heat exchanger of the boiler in the deposition step, thereby establishing a physical barrier between the heat exchanging surface of the boiler and the alkali metal chloride to effectively solve a problem of preventing corrosion on the metal pipe wall of the boiler.

The present disclosure provides a polyolefin film including a fibrous polyolefin having an average diameter of 0.1 μm or more and less than 1.0 μm, wherein the polyolefin film has a connected-void structure, has a void ratio a of 50% to 90%, has a thickness d in μm, which satisfies, together with the void ratio a, a relation of 40≤(d×(100−a)/100)≤200, and is used as a radiative cooling film, and a radiative cooling structure body including the polyolefin film.

A system for coating an interior surface of a heat exchanger includes a tank for storing the coating solution, a pump, a source line for supplying the coating solution to the heat exchanger, and a return line for returning the remainder of the coating solution to the tank. The system can include a pre-treatment line for supplying a pre-treatment solution to the heat exchanger and a water line for supplying water to the heat exchanger. An air compressor can be coupled to the heat exchanger to force the coating solution, the pre-treatment solution, or the water from the heat exchanger.