The present application discloses two-phase cooling devices that may include at least three substrates: a metal with a wicking structure, an intermediate substrate and a backplane. The titanium thermal module may be adapted for use in a mobile device, such as a portable device or smartphone, where it may offer compelling performance advantages. The thermal module may also have a metal layer which may act as a shield for radiation or an antenna for radiation, or may add mechanical strength to the thermal module.

A blood processing apparatus may include a heat exchanger and a gas exchanger. At least one of the heat exchanger and the gas exchanger may be configured to impart a radial component to blow flow through the heat exchanger and/or gas exchanger. The heat exchanger may be configured to cause blood flow to follow a spiral flow path.

A thermal-interface-material (TIM)-free thermal management apparatus includes a thermally-conductive unitary structure having an integrated circuit (IC) side and cooling system side, the thermally-conductive unitary structure including a plurality of high aspect ratio micro-pillars or porous structures extending from the IC side and a cooling system extending from the cooling system side. The cooling system may be selected from the group consisting of: a vapor chamber, micro-channel cooler, jet-impingement chamber, and air-cooled heat sink. The cooling system and the plurality of high aspect ratio micro-pillars form part of the same homogenous and thermally-conductive unitary structure.

A microtruss structure includes a first plane having a first plurality of unit cells. Each of the first plurality of unit cells includes a first plurality of struts and a first node connecting three or fewer struts of the first plurality of struts such that each strut of the first plurality of struts extends through the first node. The microtruss structure also includes a second plane having a second plurality of unit cells. Each of the second plurality of unit cells includes a second plurality of struts and a second node connecting three or fewer struts of the second plurality of struts such that each strut of the second plurality of struts extends through the second node.

Various methods and systems are provided for cryogenic heat transfer by nanoporous surfaces. In one embodiment, among others, a system includes a cryogenic fluid in a flow path of the system; and a system component in the flow path that includes a nanoporous surface layer in contact with the cryogenic fluid. In another embodiment, a method includes providing a cryogenic fluid; and initiating chilldown of a cryogenic system by directing the cryogenic fluid across a nanoporous surface layer disposed on a surface of a system component.

A pre-heater assembly for pre-heating a fluid, in particular in a fluid separation apparatus, wherein the pre-heater assembly comprises a capillary having a lumen and being configured for conducting the fluid, and a thermal coupling body contacting at least part of the capillary, having a value of thermal conductivity in a range between 8 W/(m K) and 100 W/(m K) and being arrangable so that heat generated by a heat source is supplied to the capillary via at least part of the thermal coupling body.

A pre-heater assembly (90) for pre-heating a fluid, in particular in a fluid separation apparatus (10), wherein the pre-heater assembly (90) comprises a capillary (200) having a lumen and being configured for conducting the fluid, and a thermal coupling body (202) contacting at least part of the capillary (200), having a value of the thermal conductivity in a range between 8 W/(m K) and 100 W/(m K) and being arrangable so that heat generated by a heat source (80) is supplied to the capillary (200) via at least part of the thermal coupling body (202).

A compressed air system energy storage and recovery system has a compressed air tank structured to store compressed air above 200 bars, a heat storage unit containing a heat transfer fluid and having a latent heat storage material, and a heat exchanger. The heat exchanger extracts heat from compressed ambient air above 200 bars for storage and to heat compressed air from the tank above 200 bars prior to expansion and use to recover energy in the air motor. Efficiency of energy storage and heat exchange is improved using pressures above 200 bars.

A heat pipe with electrical pumping. The heat pipe includes a condenser to condense vapor into liquid droplets and an evaporator for the liquid-vapor conversion. Furthermore, the heat pipe includes liquid conduits for carrying the liquid droplets, where every liquid conduit includes electrodes for moving the liquid droplets along the liquid conduits. Additionally, the heat pipe includes vapor conduits for carrying the vapor. After the liquid is condensed and droplets are formed, they are electrically pumped towards the evaporator by sequentially actuating a series of electrodes in the liquid conduits. By implementing electrical pumping instead of wick-based pumping, the heat transport capacity over long distances is greatly increased. Additionally, since the electrical force is greater than gravity, it is possible to develop orientation independent long heat pipes. Other benefits include planar form factors, noiselessness, high reliability due to the absence of moving mechanical parts and ultralow power consumption.

A blood processing apparatus may include a heat exchanger and a gas exchanger. At least one of the heat exchanger and the gas exchanger may be configured to impart a radial component to blow flow through the heat exchanger and/or gas exchanger. The heat exchanger may be configured to cause blood flow to follow a spiral flow path.