The present invention relates to an apparatus and a method for evaporating liquids containing potentially explosive impurities of lower volatility than the actual liquid compound. The set-up of the evaporator according to the invention allows its operation with complete evaporation of a liquid without formation of a liquid sump of not yet evaporated liquid.

A self-healing metal structure is provided for transferring heat between an electronics component and a substrate. The self-healing metal structure includes a base metal structural component. A phase change material is provided adjacent at least a portion of the base metal structural component. A protective component at least partially encapsulates the phase change material. Upon the presence of a spatial defect in the base metal structural component, the phase change material reacts with the base structural component to form an intermetallic compound to at least partially occupy the spatial defect. The phase change material at least partially encapsulated with the protective component may be disposed within the base metal structural component as a plurality of separate capsules incorporated therein, or the phase change material at least partially surrounds the base metal structural component.

The disclosed technology relates to a solar water heating system including a tank configured to store heat transfer fluid, a solar collector in fluid communication with the tank, and a pump system in fluid communication with the tank and the solar collector. The pump system can include a first pump, a second pump, and a valve assembly. The valve assembly can direct the heat transfer fluid from an outlet of the first pump to the solar collector when the first pump is operating and can direct the heat transfer fluid from an outlet of the second pump to the solar collector when the second pump is operating. The first pump and the second pump can transfer the heat transfer fluid from the solar collector back to the tank when the first pump and the second pump are not operating.

The tube (5) of a heat exchanger (1) is produced from a strip of material (11), the strip of material (11) having two end parts joined such as to form the tube (5).

The strip of material (11) forming the tube (5) is folded on itself such as to define at least one fold (13) formed by two strip portions (13a, 13b) with continuity of material. At least one strip portion (13a, 13b) of the fold (13) is a strip portion (13a, 13b) for protecting the tube (5) in the event of an impact from an element outside the tube (5) and is formed in an intermediate part (11 b) of the strip of material (11).

Embodiment of the present disclosure relate to an improved main header for an internal combustion engine radiator. In one embodiment, a main header for an internal combustion engine radiator has cut-outs and V-shaped notches provided at the four corners of the main header. The cut-outs and V-shaped notches release the stresses after the main header is flanged, thereby ensuring the flatness or straightness of the main header. The main header further includes one or more strengthening strips disposed along the length sides and the width sides of the main header, and optionally at the region adjacent to the cut-outs, to further enhance the flatness of the main header.

A system and a method for detecting a failure of a heat exchanger provided on an engine of an aircraft. An out-of-range fuel temperature downstream of an outlet of the heat exchanger is detected. A health of a fuel tank temperature signal indicative of a temperature of at least one fuel tank of the aircraft is monitored. A main oil temperature signal indicative of a temperature of oil in the engine is received. The failure is detected based on the main oil temperature and on the health of the fuel tank temperature signal.

A plant or refinery may include equipment such as reactors, heaters, heat exchangers, regenerators, separators, or the like. Types of heat exchangers include shell and tube, plate, plate and shell, plate fin, air cooled, wetted-surface air cooled, or the like. Operating methods may impact deterioration in equipment condition, prolong equipment life, extend production operating time, or provide other benefits. Mechanical or digital sensors may be used for monitoring equipment, and sensor data may be programmatically analyzed to identify developing problems. For example, sensors may be used in conjunction with one or more system components to detect and correct maldistribution, cross-leakage, strain, pre-leakage, thermal stresses, fouling, vibration, problems in liquid lifting, conditions that can affect air-cooled exchangers, conditions that can affect a wetted-surface air-cooled heat exchanger, or the like. An operating condition or mode may be adjusted to prolong equipment life or avoid equipment failure.

A self-healing metal structure is provided for transferring heat between an electronics component and a substrate. The self-healing metal structure includes a base metal structural component. A phase change material is provided adjacent at least a portion of the base metal structural component. A protective component at least partially encapsulates the phase change material. Upon the presence of a spatial defect in the base metal structural component, the phase change material reacts with the base structural component to form an intermetallic compound to at least partially occupy the spatial defect. The phase change material at least partially encapsulated with the protective component may be disposed within the base metal structural component as a plurality of separate capsules incorporated therein, or the phase change material at least partially surrounds the base metal structural component.

A cross-flow heat exchanger for gas turbine engines which may be utilized to transfer heat from one fluid flow 46 to a second independent fluid flow wherein one of the fluid flows has a high differential inlet pressure and temperature. The heat exchanger has robust construction to inhibit mixing of the fluid flows during a single burst duct event.

An outdoor unit for an air conditioning device includes a heat exchanger including (i) heat transfer tubes arranged with a space therebetween and each having one end connected to a refrigerant tube, and (ii) fins extending from the heat transfer tubes; first and second protective members each having (i) a flat plate that covers a respective end portion of the heat transfer tubes and an endmost fin that is located nearest the end portions of the heat transfer tubes, and (ii) a protrusion that protrudes from the flat plate toward the space between the heat transfer tubes near the end portions of the heat transfer tubes; first and second cover members that cover a respective flat plate; and a housing having an inner wall abutting the first cover member and an inner wall abutting the second cover member.