The opening machining apparatus for the heat transfer tube includes an electric discharge machining device inserted into the heat transfer tube and configured to form an opening in a tube wall of the heat transfer tube through an electric discharge machining, an electric discharge machining device driving device connected to the electric discharge machining device and configured to transport the electric discharge machining device, an electric discharge machining device driving device connected to the electric discharge machining device and configured to provide force for bringing the electric discharge machining device into contact with a tube wall surface of the heat transfer tube, and an electric discharge machining device rotation device configured to provide force for rotating the electric discharge machining device in a circumferential direction of the heat transfer tube in the heat transfer tube.

Radiator systems are provided. A radiator system may have a housing having a support structure, one or more stationary panels connected to the support structure and having insulation, and an internal volume at least partially defined by the one or more stationary panels, by a first opening, and by a second opening, a plurality of articulating radiator panels, each articulating radiator panel being movably connected to the support structure, having an inner surface with one or more coolant channels and/or one or more heat pipes, having an exterior surface opposite the inner surface, and having insulation, and a movement mechanism connected to the support structure and the plurality of articulating radiator panels, and configured to move each of the articulating radiator panels with respect to the support structure.

Radiator systems are provided. A radiator system may have a housing having a support structure, one or more stationary panels connected to the support structure and having insulation, and an internal volume at least partially defined by the one or more stationary panels, by a first opening, and by a second opening, a plurality of articulating radiator panels, each articulating radiator panel being movably connected to the support structure, having an inner surface with one or more coolant channels and/or one or more heat pipes, having an exterior surface opposite the inner surface, and having insulation, and a movement mechanism connected to the support structure and the plurality of articulating radiator panels, and configured to move each of the articulating radiator panels with respect to the support structure.

A heat and mass transfer system configured to be a passive system using gravitational force to form a thin liquid film flow on an outer surface of a flow distribution head and downstream conduit member to subject the thin liquid film to heat transfer mediums. The at least partially spherical flow distribution head creates a uniform thin flow of liquid on the outer surface increasing the efficiency of the heat and mass transfer system. The heat and mass transfer system may include a heat transfer medium supply system in fluid communication with internal aspects of the downstream conduit such that a heat transfer medium flows within the downstream conduit while the liquid film flows on the outer surface of the downstream conduit. Rather than conventional sheet flow on inner surfaces of a conduit, the flow distribution head enables sheet flow to be formed on an outside surface of a component.

A heat and mass transfer system configured to be a passive system using gravitational force to form a thin liquid film flow on an outer surface of a flow distribution head and downstream conduit member to subject the thin liquid film to heat transfer mediums. The at least partially spherical flow distribution head creates a uniform thin flow of liquid on the outer surface increasing the efficiency of the heat and mass transfer system. The heat and mass transfer system may include a heat transfer medium supply system in fluid communication with internal aspects of the downstream conduit such that a heat transfer medium flows within the downstream conduit while the liquid film flows on the outer surface of the downstream conduit. Rather than conventional sheet flow on inner surfaces of a conduit, the flow distribution head enables sheet flow to be formed on an outside surface of a component.

This application relates to the technical field of coal-fired boilers, and provides a method and an apparatus for improving steam oxidation resistance of a small-diameter boiler tube in a coal-fired boiler. The method includes the following steps: cutting a boiler tube panel from a ceiling of the boiler, vertically hoisting and fixing the boiler tube panel, and cutting out a section from a bottom portion of a lower bend of the boiler tube panel; cleaning an inner tube wall of each tube body in the boiler tube panel; performing oxidation resistance coating sintering on the inner tube wall of each tube body in the boiler tube panel; and performing a welding repair on each tube body in a sintered boiler tube panel. All construction processes of this method can be completed in a furnace during shutdown and maintenance, production efficiency is high, and maintenance duration can be significantly reduced. In addition, a steam oxidation resistance layer can be formed on an inner wall of the small-diameter boiler tube, so that a steam oxidation resistance capability of a small-diameter boiler tube in a service coal-fired boiler can be greatly improved.