A flare including: a casing; and a grain assembly, at least a portion of the grain assembly being slidably disposed in the casing, the grain assembly including: a shell structure; and a grain component at least partially disposed in the shell structure, the grain component including at least one combustible material and at least one reactive material positioned relative to the combustible material and configured to ignite combustion of the at least one combustible material; wherein the shell structure includes one or more fins at an aft end of the shell structure, the one or more fins being restrained into a first shape in the casing and configured to have a second shape, different from the first shape, when the restraint is removed.

A flare including: a casing; and a grain assembly, at least a portion of the grain assembly being slidably disposed in the casing, the grain assembly including: a shell structure; and a grain component at least partially disposed in the shell structure, the grain component including at least one combustible material and at least one reactive material positioned relative to the combustible material and configured to ignite combustion of the at least one combustible material; wherein the shell structure includes one or more fins at an aft end of the shell structure, the one or more fins being restrained into a first shape in the casing and configured to have a second shape, different from the first shape, when the restraint is removed.

A method to calculate position comprising the steps of creating a positioning system, wherein the positioning system comprises at least one satellite, at least one user, and at least one fixed ground site, and wherein the at least one satellite is coupled to a modulating retroreflector and a laser communications receiver, and wherein the at least one user comprises a space object tracking lidar system and a laser communications receiver, and wherein the at least one fixed ground site comprises a space object tracking lidar system and a laser communications transmitter and is configured to determine range and range rate to the modulating retroreflector; using the range and range rate to update the fixed ground site's estimate of a satellite ephemeris; configuring the at least one fixed ground site to use the laser communications transmitter to uplink the ephemeris to the at least one satellite's laser communications receiver; recording the ephemeris into the at least one satellite and replace ephemeris previously stored in the at least one satellite; allowing the at least one user to illuminate the at least one satellite's modulating retroreflector using the laser transmitter: using the modulating retroreflector to modulate the updated ephemeris data onto a laser beam, and reflect the modulated signal back to the user; allowing the user to receive and demodulate the laser signal using the laser communications receiver, allowing the user to measure the range and range-rate of the at least one satellite using the space object tracking lidar system; allowing the user to estimate its position using the range, range-rate, and ephemeris.

Systems and methods are provided for provisioning of telecommunications signals in moving trains. Scattering panels may be utilized for redirecting wireless signals, such as by scattering them, to provide better communication performance on the moving trains. The scattering panels may be configured to scatter the signals, such as by reflecting them. The scattering panels may be configured for operation in conjunction with a number of antennas that communicate the signals being scattered via the scattering panels.

Systems and methods are provided for provisioning of telecommunications signals in moving trains. Scattering panels may be utilized for redirecting wireless signals, such as by scattering them, to provide better communication performance on the moving trains. The scattering panels may be configured to scatter the signals, such as by reflecting them. The scattering panels may be configured for operation in conjunction with a number of antennas that communicate the signals being scattered via the scattering panels.

The present invention relates to a method 300 for facilitating simulation of a shot from a weapon, wherein the weapon is equipped with a laser device which works on the time-of-flight principle. The method comprises the step 310 of receiving an emitted coded laser pulse sequence from the weapon by a simulation device. The method further comprises the step 350 of transferring a returned coded pulse sequence which corresponds to the emitted coded laser pulse sequence back to the weapon by the simulation device. The simulation device is a range simulation device. The method further comprises the step of delaying 330 said transferring in relation to said receiving so that said delay is perceived by said weapon as a longer travel time of the emitted coded laser pulse sequence and the returned coded pulse sequence, respectively. The method further relates to a simulation device.

The invention relates to a method for protecting an object, in particular a land vehicle or watercraft, in particular a ship, from of a radar-guided missile by deploying and using an active offboard reflector, which is arranged at a decoy and comprises at least one receiving antenna and at least one transmitting antenna, wherein a radar signal transmitted by the radar-guided missile is picked up and is returned to the missile as an amplified signal in the previously ascertained opposite direction of reception; the invention proposes carrying out the method by deploying a plurality of flying drones, each having at least one active offboard reflector, and positioning the drones relative to one another in space in such a way that the active offboard reflectors thereof act as individual scattering centers and the signals therefrom that are returned to the missile collectively produce a radar scatter pattern that simulates the object to be protected.

The invention relates to a method for protecting an object, in particular a land vehicle or watercraft, in particular a ship, from of a radar-guided missile by deploying and using an active offboard reflector, which is arranged at a decoy and comprises at least one receiving antenna and at least one transmitting antenna, wherein a radar signal transmitted by the radar-guided missile is picked up and is returned to the missile as an amplified signal in the previously ascertained opposite direction of reception; the invention proposes carrying out the method by deploying a plurality of flying drones, each having at least one active offboard reflector, and positioning the drones relative to one another in space in such a way that the active offboard reflectors thereof act as individual scattering centers and the signals therefrom that are returned to the missile collectively produce a radar scatter pattern that simulates the object to be protected.

An assembly is configured for connection to an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and comprises a plurality of emulator devices each configured for attachment to the UAV and a plurality of first connection tethers each configured to operably couple a respective one of the plurality of emulator devices to the UAV at a respective spacing from the UAV. The emulator devices each comprise an emulation component configured to provide, to a target detection system, a characteristic associated with a respective type of airborne object. The plurality of respective first connection tethers each comprises material that does not substantially reflect RF energy. During flight of the UAV, when the assembly is connected, each respective emulator device maintains the respective spacing from the UAV and emulates the characteristic to the target detection system, such that the assembly emulates, to the target detection system, a plurality of airborne objects.

An assembly is configured for connection to an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and comprises a plurality of emulator devices each configured for attachment to the UAV and a plurality of first connection tethers each configured to operably couple a respective one of the plurality of emulator devices to the UAV at a respective spacing from the UAV. The emulator devices each comprise an emulation component configured to provide, to a target detection system, a characteristic associated with a respective type of airborne object. The plurality of respective first connection tethers each comprises material that does not substantially reflect RF energy. During flight of the UAV, when the assembly is connected, each respective emulator device maintains the respective spacing from the UAV and emulates the characteristic to the target detection system, such that the assembly emulates, to the target detection system, a plurality of airborne objects.