An excimer bulb assembly, with an excimer bulb, at least one integral captured reflector, and an integral filter such that the excimer bulb only emits substantial UV radiation between 200 nm and 230 nm, using a filter that passes light from about 200 nm to 234 nm (+/−2 nm).

An excimer bulb assembly including an excimer bulb and a pass filter such that the excimer bulb assembly does not emit substantial UV radiation in wavelengths longer than 231 nm, 232 nm, 233 nm, 234 nm or 235 nm. The wavelengths are measured at an incident angle of zero (0) degrees to the filter plane. The pass filter is preferably constructed of a plurality of layers of hafnium oxide, and most preferably constructed of less than seventy five (75) layers of hafnium oxide. The excimer bulb, pass filter, and two electrical connectors may be adapted to form a cartridge which may be adapted to swivel along its main axis. The cartridge may further include a smart chip. The smart chip may retain and store information regarding the assembly and preferably retains hours of use of the excimer bulb.

An excimer bulb assembly including an excimer bulb and a pass filter such that the excimer bulb assembly does not emit substantial UV radiation in wavelengths longer than 231 nm, 232 nm, 233 nm, 234 nm or 235 nm. The wavelengths are measured at an incident angle of zero (0) degrees to the filter plane. The pass filter is preferably constructed of a plurality of layers of hafnium oxide, and most preferably constructed of less than seventy five (75) layers of hafnium oxide. The excimer bulb, pass filter, and two electrical connectors may be adapted to form a cartridge which may be adapted to swivel along its main axis. The cartridge may further include a smart chip. The smart chip may retain and store information regarding the assembly and preferably retains hours of use of the excimer bulb.

In a state in which an optical axis of a camera is normal to a surface, a relative angle of a projector with respect to the camera is set such that a marker is formed at the intersection of the optical axis of the camera with the surface. In a state in which the relative angle is unchanged and an installation angle of the camera is changed, the marker formed on the surface is shot by means of the camera, and, based on a distance between the marker and the intersection in the image obtained by the shooting, the installation angle of the camera is calculated. Furthermore, an error of the calculated installation angle with respect to a target value is calculated and displayed. Calculation or adjustment of the installation angle can be made even if the surface on which the marker is formed is relatively narrow.

An excavation measurement system includes a sensor to be mounted on excavation equipment to establish a light curtain in an excavation area, the light curtain to measure a parameter of the excavation area, and an interface to communicate the measure of the parameter of the excavation area.

An accurate subject distance can be calculated on the basis of a camera captured image even in a case where the attachment angle of a camera is deviated. An image captured with a camera having a wide-angle lens is input to perform distortion correction and generate a corrected image. Moreover, the inclination of a vertical object in the real world in the corrected image is calculated. The deviation angle of the camera depression angle of the camera is calculated on the basis of the inclination of the vertical object. An object distance calculation image is generated in consideration of the camera depression angle deviation angle. The distance of an object included in the camera captured image is calculated from the object distance calculation image. In a case where the camera depression angle deviation angle is not equal to or less than a prespecified threshold, the object distance calculation image is generated by using overhead image generation mapping data in consideration of the camera depression angle deviation.

A system for registering a target includes a first sensor, a second sensor, and a processor. The first sensor measures a plurality of ranges from a source to a target, and the second sensor obtains a plurality of location measurements of the source. The system further includes a processor configured for determining one or more weighting criteria associated with each one of the plurality of location measurements based on an estimated reliability of each one of the plurality of location measurements. The processor calculates a plurality of target location values based on the plurality of ranges measured by the first sensor and the plurality of locations measured by the second sensor and calculates an estimated target location value based on the plurality of target location values weighted according to the weighting criteria.

A method of automated spatial worksite referencing of a networked electronic measuring device with awareness of a rough location information of itself at a worksite location. The method includes querying a database for construction plan information about the rough location and its vicinity and about an actual work progress, computing an actual-state nominal spatial information at the rough location and its vicinity, automatically determining of a fine location of the networked electronic measuring device at the worksite location, by at least one iteration of: automatically determining a measurement point in the vicinity and measuring the measurement point using measurement functionality of the device, and then automatically assimilating the measurement point to the actual-state nominal spatial information and thereby determining the fine location information. When a desired level of accuracy of the determined fine location is not reached, performed another iteration with another additional measurement point is performed.

A system for the optical detection of objects includes a first source for generating light, microwaves, or ultrasound of a first wavelength. An object is illuminated by the light, the microwaves, or the ultrasound, wherein the illumination is distorted by the object. The system further includes at least one color light source for the generation of color light of a second wavelength, wherein the same object is illuminated by the color light of the color light source. The first wavelength is different from the second wavelength. Further, a sensor is provided for the detection of the object illuminated by the first source, and a second sensor is provided for the detection of the color light generated by the color light source, which is reflected by the object.

A system for the optical detection of objects includes a first source for generating light, microwaves, or ultrasound of a first wavelength. An object is illuminated by the light, the microwaves, or the ultrasound, wherein the illumination is distorted by the object. The system further includes at least one color light source for the generation of color light of a second wavelength, wherein the same object is illuminated by the color light of the color light source. The first wavelength is different from the second wavelength. Further, a sensor is provided for the detection of the object illuminated by the first source, and a second sensor is provided for the detection of the color light generated by the color light source, which is reflected by the object.