An excimer bulb fixture including an excimer bulb emitting a beam of UV light at a far UV C wavelength. The fixture includes a krypton/chloride bulb, a band pass filter and a diffusion layer or lens. The krypton/chloride bulb is adapted to project a beam of far UV C light through the filter and then through the diffusion layer or lens. The band pass filter is adapted to block substantial UV radiation wavelengths longer than 234 nm. The diffusion layer or lens is adapted to widen the beam of far UV C light. A method far widening a beam of far UV C light includes the steps of projecting a beam of far UV C light produced by a krypton/chloride bulb through a band pass filter; blocking substantially UV C radiation longer than 234 nm; projecting the filtered beam through a diffusion filter or lens; and, widening the filtered beam.

A transmittance estimation unit estimates a transmittance for each of regions from a captured image. The transmittance estimation unit estimates the transmittance for each pixel, using, for example, dark channel processing. A transmittance detection unit detects a transmittance of haze at the time of imaging of the captured image, using the transmittance estimated for each pixel by the transmittance estimation unit and depth information for each pixel. The transmittance detection unit detects the transmittance of the haze on the basis of, for example, a logarithm average value of the transmittances in the whole or a predetermined portion of the captured image, and an average value of depths indicated by the depth information. Alternatively, the transmittance detection unit converts a grayscale of the transmittance estimated for each of the regions from the captured image into a grayscale of the depth indicated by the depth information for each of the regions and sets the transmittance after the grayscale conversion as the transmission of the haze. This enables the transmittance to be detected with high accuracy.

A distance meter for the high-accuracy single-point distance measurement to a target point by means of an oriented emitted beam, wherein the receiver has an optoelectronic sensor based on an arrangement of microcells for acquiring the received beam. The receiver and a computer unit are configured in this case for deriving a set of runtimes with respect to different cross-sectional components of the received beam acquired using subregions of the receiver, and therefore, for example, an evaluation is enabled as to whether the received beam has parts of the emitted beam reflected on a single target or a multiple target in its lateral extension.

A charge head is connected to a charge inlet of an electric vehicle to supply an electric charge to recharge the battery of the vehicle. The charge head is attached to a connecting device that moves the charge head to the charge inlet. Multiple light detectors are provided on the charge head to sense light emitted from the vehicle. The system then uses a difference in the amount of light received by different light detectors to determine a direction to move the charge head toward the charge inlet.

An unmanned aerial vehicle comprising a velocity sensing system is provided. The velocity sensing system comprises a transmitter configured to transmit a first acoustic signal having at least a first frequency and a receiver, configured to detect a second acoustic signal comprising the first acoustic signal after it has been reflected from a reflective surface. The velocity sensing system is configured to determine from the second acoustic signal a second frequency, said second frequency comprising the first frequency after having undergone a Doppler shift; and to use the first and second frequencies to determine a velocity at which the unmanned aerial vehicle is travelling relative to the reflective surface.

An unmanned aerial vehicle comprising a velocity sensing system is provided. The velocity sensing system comprises a transmitter configured to transmit a first acoustic signal having at least a first frequency and a receiver, configured to detect a second acoustic signal comprising the first acoustic signal after it has been reflected from a reflective surface. The velocity sensing system is configured to determine from the second acoustic signal a second frequency, said second frequency comprising the first frequency after having undergone a Doppler shift; and to use the first and second frequencies to determine a velocity at which the unmanned aerial vehicle is travelling relative to the reflective surface.

An elevation range meter is configured to be used in conjunction with a reticle to provide an offset range marking, such as an offset range distance that a target is located over on the reticle before firing. An offset range distance factors in the range to the target and the elevation of the firearm. The elevation range meter has a weighted dial that rotates with respect to the barrel or elevation angle to indicate an offset range marking, such as a distance, milliradians or minutes of angle, from a plurality of elevation range marking columns on the weighted dial. The weighted dial may have a plurality of columns of elevation range markings and the appropriate column for the determined range may be selected to indicate the offset range distance. The user may then locate the target on the reticle at this offset range distance before firing.

An elevation range meter is configured to be used in conjunction with a reticle to provide an offset range marking, such as an offset range distance that a target is located over on the reticle before firing. An offset range distance factors in the range to the target and the elevation of the firearm. The elevation range meter has a weighted dial that rotates with respect to the barrel or elevation angle to indicate an offset range marking, such as a distance, milliradians or minutes of angle, from a plurality of elevation range marking columns on the weighted dial. The weighted dial may have a plurality of columns of elevation range markings and the appropriate column for the determined range may be selected to indicate the offset range distance. The user may then locate the target on the reticle at this offset range distance before firing.

An excimer bulb assembly including an excimer bulb and a pass filter such that the excimer bulb assembly does not emit substantial UV radiation in wavelengths longer than 231 nm, 232 nm, 233 nm, 234 nm or 235 nm. The wavelengths are measured at an incident angle of zero (0) degrees to the filter plane. The pass filter is preferably constructed of a plurality of layers of hafnium oxide, and most preferably constructed of less than seventy five (75) layers of hafnium oxide. The excimer bulb, pass filter, and two electrical connectors may be adapted to form a cartridge which may be adapted to swivel along its main axis. The cartridge may further include a smart chip. The smart chip may retain and store information regarding the assembly and preferably retains hours of use of the excimer bulb.

An excimer bulb assembly including an excimer bulb and a pass filter such that the excimer bulb assembly does not emit substantial UV radiation in wavelengths longer than 231 nm, 232 nm, 233 nm, 234 nm or 235 nm. The wavelengths are measured at an incident angle of zero (0) degrees to the filter plane. The pass filter is preferably constructed of a plurality of layers of hafnium oxide, and most preferably constructed of less than seventy five (75) layers of hafnium oxide. The excimer bulb, pass filter, and two electrical connectors may be adapted to form a cartridge which may be adapted to swivel along its main axis. The cartridge may further include a smart chip. The smart chip may retain and store information regarding the assembly and preferably retains hours of use of the excimer bulb.