An automatic guided vehicles (AGV) can include: motors, wheels, motor controllers, and batteries coupled to an elongated frame. The two wheels can be mounted on opposite sides of the elongated frame. The wheels can be coupled to motors which can be controlled by motor controllers. The motors and motor controllers can be attached to the frame. The center of gravity can be lower than the axis of rotation of the wheels so that the AGV will passively rotated into an upright position. A connector flange can be mounted on top of a payload holder column mounted to a center portion of the AGV frame. Objects can be mounted on or towed by the connector flange.

An apparatus that detects a tilt, lean, movement and/or rotation and/or change in tilt, lean, position and/or rotation of a user, rider, and/or payload which may use sensors configured to accomplish this detection, where sensors may be on, embedded in and/or attached to a structural device, strap, and/or surface of a vehicle, structure or system, where an apparatus of the present invention may be on, part of, in, attached to or connected to a vehicle, structure or system where detecting, measuring and/or determining a lean, tilt, movement and/or rotation or change thereof, of a user, rider, and/or payload, may be desirable; position or movement and/or center of mass or change thereof may be calculated, or detected; calculations, measurements, metrics or detections from the present invention may be an output or the only output of an apparatus that is an embodiment of the present invention.

An apparatus that detects a tilt, lean, movement and/or rotation and/or change in tilt, lean, position and/or rotation of a user, rider, and/or payload which may use sensors configured to accomplish this detection, where sensors may be on, embedded in and/or attached to a structural device, strap, and/or surface of a vehicle, structure or system, where an apparatus of the present invention may be on, part of, in, attached to or connected to a vehicle, structure or system where detecting, measuring and/or determining a lean, tilt, movement and/or rotation or change thereof, of a user, rider, and/or payload, may be desirable; position or movement and/or center of mass or change thereof may be calculated, or detected; calculations, measurements, metrics or detections from the present invention may be an output or the only output of an apparatus that is an embodiment of the present invention.

An apparatus and a method of detecting liquid leakage within a battery pack using a gyro sensor and a moisture detecting sensor. When liquid leakage of a coolant is detected, such as when a pipe of a coolant supplied for cooling (radiating heat) within a battery pack is damaged, the apparatus recognizes a liquid leakage generation position according to a slope of the battery pack by using a gyro sensor and determines whether the liquid leakage is generated based on a difference in a temperature between an upper side and a lower side of a corresponding region by using moisture detecting sensors, thereby improving accuracy of the detection of the liquid leakage according to the slope and the position of the battery pack. Particularly, the moisture detecting sensor is operated to be on only when the detection of the liquid leakage is required, thereby preventing unnecessary energy consumption.

A standalone odometry device includes an accelerometer and/or gyroscope configured to be mounted on a wheel or axle of a vehicle. A controller in communication with the accelerometer and/or gyroscope is configured to receive data from the accelerometer and/or gyroscope. The controller processes the data to determine one or more of the speed, wheel rotation direction, accumulated distance travelled, stationary status, acceleration, deceleration, wheel diameter, and grade of surface on which the wheel is in contact.

A standalone odometry device includes an accelerometer and/or gyroscope configured to be mounted on a wheel or axle of a vehicle. A controller in communication with the accelerometer and/or gyroscope is configured to receive data from the accelerometer and/or gyroscope. The controller processes the data to determine one or more of the speed, wheel rotation direction, accumulated distance travelled, stationary status, acceleration, deceleration, wheel diameter, and grade of surface on which the wheel is in contact.

Autonomous ground vehicles equipped with one or more sensors may capture data regarding ground conditions at a location. The data may refer to or describe slopes, surface textures, terrain features, weather conditions, moisture contents or the like at the location, and may be used to select one or more areas for receiving a delivery of an item. The sensors may include one or more inclinometers, imaging devices or other systems. The autonomous ground vehicles may also engage in one or more direct interactions or communications with a delivery vehicle, and may select an appropriate area that is suitable for such interactions. The autonomous ground vehicles may also prepare the area for an arrival of a delivery vehicle, such as by making one or more visible markings in ground surfaces at the area.

Autonomous ground vehicles equipped with one or more sensors may capture data regarding ground conditions at a location. The data may refer to or describe slopes, surface textures, terrain features, weather conditions, moisture contents or the like at the location, and may be used to select one or more areas for receiving a delivery of an item. The sensors may include one or more inclinometers, imaging devices or other systems. The autonomous ground vehicles may also engage in one or more direct interactions or communications with a delivery vehicle, and may select an appropriate area that is suitable for such interactions. The autonomous ground vehicles may also prepare the area for an arrival of a delivery vehicle, such as by making one or more visible markings in ground surfaces at the area.

Sensing systems for agricultural equipment and related methods may be configured for detecting the operating state of rotating elements in agricultural implements. The sensing systems for an agricultural implement may include a rotating element and a monitoring center equipped with an alert mechanism. The sensing systems may include an inertial sensor, a microprocessor, a communication element, and a power supply. The sensing system may be a single element fixed directly to the rotating element.

Sensing systems for agricultural equipment and related methods may be configured for detecting the operating state of rotating elements in agricultural implements. The sensing systems for an agricultural implement may include a rotating element and a monitoring center equipped with an alert mechanism. The sensing systems may include an inertial sensor, a microprocessor, a communication element, and a power supply. The sensing system may be a single element fixed directly to the rotating element.