A travel distance calculation device is configured to: add a first distance between a first main sensor and a hub sensor to a travel distance when a person is detected by the hub sensor provided in a third space connecting a first space and a second space after the person is detected by the first main sensor provided in the first space; add a second distance between a second main sensor and the hub sensor to the travel distance when the person is detected by the hub sensor after the person is detected by the second main sensor provided in the second space; and add no third distance between the first main sensor and the second main sensor to the travel distance when the person is detected by the second main sensor after the person is detected by the first main sensor.

A travel distance calculation device is configured to: add a first distance between a first main sensor and a hub sensor to a travel distance when a person is detected by the hub sensor provided in a third space connecting a first space and a second space after the person is detected by the first main sensor provided in the first space; add a second distance between a second main sensor and the hub sensor to the travel distance when the person is detected by the hub sensor after the person is detected by the second main sensor provided in the second space; and add no third distance between the first main sensor and the second main sensor to the travel distance when the person is detected by the second main sensor after the person is detected by the first main sensor.

Techniques provided herein are directed toward virtually extending an updated set of output positions of a mobile device determined by a VIO by combining a current set of VIO output positions with one or more previous sets of VIO output positions in such a way that ensure all outputs positions among the various combined sets of output positions are consistent. The combined sets can be used for accurate position determination of the mobile device. Moreover, the position determination further may be based on GNSS measurements.

The technology relates to detecting and responding to processions. For instance, sensor data identifying two or more objects in an environment of a vehicle may be received. The two or more objects may be determined to be disobeying a predetermined rule in a same way. Based on the determination that the two or more objects are disobeying a predetermined rule, that the two or more objects are involved in a procession may be determined. The vehicle may then be controlled autonomously in order to respond to the procession based on the determination that the two or more objects are involved in a procession.

An apparatus for measuring a position according to an embodiment includes a light source emitting light to an inner surface of a pipe, a first lens receiving reflected light from which light emitted by the light source is reflected by the inner surface and converting the reflected light into parallel light parallel to an optical axis, a second lens disposed on an optical path of the parallel light and converting the parallel light into a convergent refracted light, an image sensor disposed on an optical path of the refracted light, one or more elastic members disposed between the first lens and the second lens, and a plurality of wheels that are coupled to a side surface of the first lens and are in close contact with the inner surface to be rotated by movement of the moving body.

An agricultural apparatus operable in agricultural fields includes one or more digital electronic weather stations affixed to the apparatus and optionally one or more GPS receivers and/or proximity sensors, each coupled to a mobile computing device such as a cab computer. The weather stations transmit data representing wind speed, temperature and/or other weather parameters, as measured on the apparatus, to the mobile computing device. Under control of program logic, the mobile computing device continuously compares real-time, then-current weather data received from the weather stations to programmed or configured threshold values relating to a current agricultural operation. If the weather data indicates weather conditions that exceed one of the thresholds, a warning message may be generated at the mobile computing device to prompt the operator to confirm whether to continue the operation.

Embodiments of the disclosure provide methods and systems for continuous regulation of a nonholonomic mobile robot. An exemplary method may include identifying a current pose of the nonholonomic mobile robot in a world frame, where the current pose is represented by a first set of values defining a first set of states of the nonholonomic mobile robot in the world frame; receiving a final goal pose of the nonholonomic mobile robot, where the final goal pose is represented by a second set of values defining a second set of states of nonholonomic mobile robot in the world frame; determining a moving path for moving the nonholonomic mobile robot from the current pose to the final goal pose; and controlling the nonholonomic mobile robot to move from the current pose to the final goal pose according to the moving path, where the nonholonomic mobile robot moves to the final goal pose by converging the nonholonomic mobile robot from the first set of states to the second set of states simultaneously.

Embodiments of the disclosure provide methods and systems for continuous regulation of a nonholonomic mobile robot. An exemplary method may include identifying a current pose of the nonholonomic mobile robot in a world frame, where the current pose is represented by a first set of values defining a first set of states of the nonholonomic mobile robot in the world frame; receiving a final goal pose of the nonholonomic mobile robot, where the final goal pose is represented by a second set of values defining a second set of states of nonholonomic mobile robot in the world frame; determining a moving path for moving the nonholonomic mobile robot from the current pose to the final goal pose; and controlling the nonholonomic mobile robot to move from the current pose to the final goal pose according to the moving path, where the nonholonomic mobile robot moves to the final goal pose by converging the nonholonomic mobile robot from the first set of states to the second set of states simultaneously.

A computer, including a processor and a memory, the memory including instructions to be executed by the processor to determine a vehicle six degree of freedom (DoF) pose based on an image where the six DoF pose includes x, y, and z location and roll, pitch, and yaw orientation and transform the vehicle six DoF pose into global coordinates based on a camera six DoF pose. The instructions can include further instructions to communicate to the vehicle the six DoF pose in global coordinates.

The operations of a computer-implemented method include obtaining a topological map of an environment including a series of waypoints and a series of edges. Each edge topologically connects a corresponding pair of adjacent waypoints. The edges represent traversable routes for a robot. The operations include determining, using the topological map and sensor data captured by the robot, one or more candidate alternate edges. Each candidate alternate edge potentially connects a corresponding pair of waypoints that are not connected by one of the edges. For each respective candidate alternate edge, the operations include determining, using the sensor data, whether the robot can traverse the respective candidate alternate edge without colliding with an obstacle and, when the robot can traverse the respective candidate alternate edge, confirming the respective candidate alternate edge as a respective alternate edge. The operations include updating, using nonlinear optimization and the confirmed alternate edges, the topological map.