An air amount calculation device is configured to receive a detection signal from an air amount sensor provided in an intake air passage of an engine and to calculate an air amount of air flowing through the intake air passage based on the detection signal. The air amount calculation device includes: an acquisition unit configured to acquire an air amount calculation parameter using a detection point within an intermediate range intermediate between a maximum value and a minimum value in the detection signal; and an air amount calculation unit configured to calculate the air amount based on the air amount calculation parameter.

The disclosure relates to a dialysis machine that comprises a dialyzer, a fluid source, a first line connected to the fluid source, and a container containing bicarbonate. The container connects to the first line and the fluid flows from the fluid source, through the first line, to the container. The dialysis machine further includes a second line connected to the container, a flow rate sensor connected to at least one of the lines, a pressure sensor configured for detecting fluid pressure of the container, a display, and a data processing apparatus. The data processing apparatus is configured to receive signals from the flow rate sensor and the pressure sensor. The data processing apparatus is configured to calculate a size of the container based on the received signals.

The invention relates to method for conveying a liquid into a container by means of a conveying device. The conveying device comprising a liquid reservoir, a pump and a tap. The liquid is supplied by the pump from the liquid reservoir via a tap inlet to the tap. The liquid emerges from a tap outlet of the tap and flows into the container arranged below the tap outlet. An outlet volume flow rate of the liquid flowing from the tap outlet is controlled in such a way that at first the liquid is conveyed with an initial volume flow rate until an initial delivery volume has been conveyed and then the liquid is conveyed with a final volume flow rate, the final volume flow rate being greater than the initial volume flow rate.

A water shortage detection system comprises: a body; a drive unit which is provided in the body to supply power for traveling of a robot cleaner; a plurality of rotary members which rotate about a plurality of respective rotation axes by the power from the drive unit and to which cleaners for wet cleaning of a surface to be cleaned can be fixed respectively; a water tank which is provided in the body to store water; a pump motor which supplies water stored in the water tank to the rotary members; and a control unit which measures the load current of the pump motor, wherein a water shortage state in the water tank is detected on the basis of the measured value of the load current of the pump motor.

An apparatus and system for reducing or controlling water consumption in bathrooms includes a housing and is configured to receive data from water consumption locations. The housing includes a motion sensor to detect movement in a threshold distance from the apparatus as a first indication of activity, an audio sensor to monitor sound of running water as a second indication of activity, optionally a humidity sensor to monitor ambient humidity as a third indication of activity, optionally an ambient temperature sensor, a controller to qualify data received from the sensors by an algorithm, a transmitter to transmit data to an external unit, optionally via a mobile device, by low power signals, and an identification mechanism readable or scannable by a mobile device and configured to include output data based on qualified data for reducing or controlling water consumption.

Methods and systems are provided for determining a fuel level of a fuel tank. In one example, a method may include transiently powering a fuel level sensor responsive to a fuel tank refilling event to obtain a fuel level measurement, maintaining the fuel level sensor unpowered after obtaining the fuel level measurement, and, while maintaining the fuel level sensor unpowered, inferring the fuel level based the obtained fuel tank fuel level measurement and an amount of fuel consumed since the obtained fuel level measurement. In this way, electrical power consumption by the fuel level sensor is reduced while a fuel level indication is provided.

A method for operating a system configured to consume a fluid, such as engine fuel, having at least two flowmeters is provided. The method includes the step of recirculating a fluid in a closed loop having a supply-side flowmeter and return-side flowmeter, such that substantially no fluid is consumed. Fluid flow is measured in the supply-side flowmeter and the return-side flowmeter. Fluid flow measurements are compared between the supply-side flowmeter and return-side flowmeter, and a first differential zero value based on the difference in the fluid flow measurements between the supply-side flowmeter and return-side flowmeter is determined. A first temperature sensor signal value is received and is associated with the first differential zero value. The first differential zero value associated with the first temperature sensor signal value is stored in a meter electronics.

A flow rate measurement system measures, by using a flow rate measurement device, a flow rate of cleaning gas in a container storage facility including: a storage rack including supporting portions; a transport device that transports a container to the supporting portions; and a gas supply device that supplies the cleaning gas to the container supported by the supporting portions. The transport device and the flow rate measurement device are connected via a power line communicatively by wire or wireless. The flow rate measurement device measures the flow rate of the cleaning gas in a state in which the transport device has transported the flow rate measurement device and the flow rate measurement device is placed on a target supporting portion.

Techniques detect a low gas-pressure condition within a region without the use of pressure sensors. In an example, gas usage at a service site is disaggregated to show use by individual appliances. A flowrate of gas at an appliance (e.g., a gas hot water tank) having a generally fixed-rate of gas-consumption is determined. Based at least in part on the flowrate of gas at the appliance, and an historical gas flowrate at that appliance, it is determined if gas pressure at the service site is lower than expected. In an example, failure of the appliance to use its typical fixed-flowrate may indicate low gas pressure at the service site. Information is obtained from a second gas meter at a second service site. Based on the gas pressure at the first and second service sites being lower than expected, a low gas pressure situation may exist in a regional area.

Techniques detect a low gas-pressure condition within a region without the use of pressure sensors. In an example, gas usage at a service site is disaggregated to show use by individual appliances. A flowrate of gas at an appliance (e.g., a gas hot water tank) having a generally fixed-rate of gas-consumption is determined. Based at least in part on the flowrate of gas at the appliance, and an historical gas flowrate at that appliance, it is determined if gas pressure at the service site is lower than expected. In an example, failure of the appliance to use its typical fixed-flowrate may indicate low gas pressure at the service site. Information is obtained from a second gas meter at a second service site. Based on the gas pressure at the first and second service sites being lower than expected, a low gas pressure situation may exist in a regional area.