A cooling circuit for a fuel cell includes at least one channel, a mechanical support, a first sensor, and a second sensor. Each channel is formed in a bipolar plate of the fuel cell, and is adapted to permit a cooling fluid to flow. The first sensor senses a flow rate of the cooling fluid. The second sensor senses an electrical conductivity of the cooling fluid. Both the first sensor and the second sensor are installed on the mechanical support.

A water flow valve positioned within a waterline preferably just past a building's water meter. The valve compresses air bubbles into the water at the point where the water enters the meter, thus improving the accuracy of the meter reading. The internal passageway of the valve is non-linear and causing the water traveling therethrough to go through a plurality of turns. A blocking disk and spring are used to close off communication between a first portion of the internal passageway and a second portion of the passageway in a valve closed position. With enough water flow pressure the spring is compressed which causes the blocking disk to retract and allow water to travel through the passageway, while creating the backpressure in the waterline to collapse the air bubbles prior to the bubbles being read by the water meter. A laminar flow for the water can also be created which can reduce the wear and tear on the water meter possibly extending the useful life for the water meter.

A method of measuring a flow rate of a fluid flowing in a space between an outer conduit and an inner element in the outer conduit is provided. Ultrasonic waves are transmitted and received through the space between multiple pairs of ultrasonic transducers along multiple propagation paths, respectively. A mean line velocity of the fluid is calculated based on data from each pair of ultrasonic transducers. As such, multiple mean line velocities across the space are obtained. The flow rate of the fluid is calculated based on the multiple mean line velocities.

A flow sensor sub-assembly for sensing flow of a fluidic medicament includes a flow tube having a flow tube inlet and a flow tube outlet, and an acoustical transmission rate. The medicament flows through the flow tube. A first piezo element is arranged at an upstream position of the flow tube and a second piezo element is arranged at a downstream position of the flow tube, such that the first piezo element and the second piezo element are mounted apart a pre-selected distance from each other. An absorber sheath encircles the flow tube. The absorber sheath has an upstream end and a downstream end. The absorber sheath is comprised of a material with an acoustical transmission rate different than the flow tube.

A Discrete Sample Introduction Module (DSIM) apparatus includes an internal tubing system to receive into the DSIM apparatus a discrete gas sample having a received concentration. A plurality of valves selectively partitions the internal tubing system to form a plurality of loops corresponding to a plurality of loop volumes to contain the discrete gas sample. The plurality of loop volumes receives a carrier gas to dilute the discrete gas sample to a plurality of preselected dilutions. The DSIM apparatus circulates a given one of the plurality of preselected dilutions for analysis by a spectrometer coupled to the DSIM apparatus.

A Discrete Sample Introduction Module (DSIM) apparatus includes an internal tubing system to receive into the DSIM apparatus a discrete gas sample having a received concentration. A plurality of valves selectively partitions the internal tubing system to form a plurality of loops corresponding to a plurality of loop volumes to contain the discrete gas sample. The plurality of loop volumes receives a carrier gas to dilute the discrete gas sample to a plurality of preselected dilutions. The DSIM apparatus circulates a given one of the plurality of preselected dilutions for analysis by a spectrometer coupled to the DSIM apparatus.

The invention relates to a flow conditioner for conditioning a fluid flow comprising a pipe having a constriction with a reduced pipe cross-section, at least one ring-shaped element arranged inside the pipe which has an outer diameter which is smaller than the inner diameter of the pipe in the axial region of the pipe in which the at least one ring-shaped element is arranged, and having an areal web whose surface normal is not in parallel with the pipe axis. The invention further relates to a throughflow measurement system for measuring a fluid throughflow through a pipe having a measurement device and a flow conditioner in accordance with the invention arranged upstream of the measurement device.

An air cleaner includes a housing having an air inlet and an air outlet. The air cleaner further includes a filter media coupled to the housing and positioned between the air inlet and the air outlet, the filter media configured to filter an air flow that enters the housing through the air inlet and exits the housing through the air outlet. The air cleaner includes a rectifier coupled to the housing and positioned at a location downstream of the filter media, the rectifier including an outer ring that is orthogonally oriented with respect to the air flow.

An air cleaner includes a housing having an air inlet and an air outlet. The air cleaner further includes a filter media coupled to the housing and positioned between the air inlet and the air outlet, the filter media configured to filter an air flow that enters the housing through the air inlet and exits the housing through the air outlet. The air cleaner includes a rectifier coupled to the housing and positioned at a location downstream of the filter media, the rectifier including an outer ring that is orthogonally oriented with respect to the air flow.

A flavouring dispenser for dispensing doses of flavouring is disclosed. The flavouring dispenser comprises a flavouring chamber for containing flavouring; a dosing member having a dosing volume for receiving flavouring from the flavouring chamber, the dosing member defining an opening to the dosing volume through which flavouring is received from the flavouring chamber. A reciprocating member is movable relative to the dosing member between a closed position, at which the opening is isolated from the flavouring chamber by the reciprocating member, to a first open position, at which the opening is partially exposed to the flavouring chamber such that an amount of flavouring may enter into the dosing volume via the opening, and back to the closed position, such that the flavouring may be dispensed by the dosing member. The first open position of the reciprocating member is adjustable such that degree to which the opening is exposed to the flavouring chamber may be changed so as to adjust the amount of flavouring received in the dosing volume.