The present invention discloses a method for determining an effective sound velocity in the deep sea. The method is applied to an apparatus for determining an effective sound velocity in the deep sea having a transmission point, a receiving point, and an underwater mobile carrier. The transmission point is installed on the sea surface such that the depth of the transmission point is unchanged. The receiving point is installed on the underwater mobile carrier such that the depth of the receiving point changes with movement of the underwater mobile carrier. The underwater mobile carrier can measure a sound velocity profile between the transmission point and the receiving point and a horizontal distance between the transmission point and the receiving point.

The present invention discloses a method for determining an effective sound velocity in the deep sea. The method is applied to an apparatus for determining an effective sound velocity in the deep sea having a transmission point, a receiving point, and an underwater mobile carrier. The transmission point is installed on the sea surface such that the depth of the transmission point is unchanged. The receiving point is installed on the underwater mobile carrier such that the depth of the receiving point changes with movement of the underwater mobile carrier. The underwater mobile carrier can measure a sound velocity profile between the transmission point and the receiving point and a horizontal distance between the transmission point and the receiving point.

A gas analyzer uses continuous sonic signals through a conduit to determine the composition of a gas in the conduit. A transmitting transducer drives sonic signals at a fixed frequency and a second transducer receives the sonic signals. The phase shift between two signals corresponds to the speed of sound through the gas and is related to the composition of the gas. The electronic versions of these signals are processed by lowering, or dividing, the fixed frequency which expands the range of phase shift measurement and allows the determination of an expanded range for the gas composition. In an ozone generation system, the gas analyzer is highly suitable for determining the composition of gases derived from air as a gas of known composition and a calibration point.

A method is provided to measure a distribution of axial velocities and a flowrate in a pipe or a vessel. The method comprises selecting a single cross-section at a stable-flow segment in a pipe or a vessel, installing a plurality of acoustic wave sensors along a peripheral wall of the pipe or the vessel to form a plurality of effective sound wave paths; measuring sound wave travelling time on each sound wave path; substituting the measured sound wave travelling time data into the model formulas based on a sound path refraction principle for reconstruction calculation to obtain a distribution of axial velocity in the measured cross-section of the pipe or the vessel, u(x,y); and integrating the distribution of the axial velocity u(x,y) along the cross-section to obtain a flow rate. A system is also provided to measure an axial velocity distribution and a flow rate in a pipe.

A method is provided to measure a distribution of axial velocities and a flowrate in a pipe or a vessel. The method comprises selecting a single cross-section at a stable-flow segment in a pipe or a vessel, installing a plurality of acoustic wave sensors along a peripheral wall of the pipe or the vessel to form a plurality of effective sound wave paths; measuring sound wave travelling time on each sound wave path; substituting the measured sound wave travelling time data into the model formulas based on a sound path refraction principle for reconstruction calculation to obtain a distribution of axial velocity in the measured cross-section of the pipe or the vessel, u(x,y); and integrating the distribution of the axial velocity u(x,y) along the cross-section to obtain a flow rate. A system is also provided to measure an axial velocity distribution and a flow rate in a pipe.

A method to monitor rotor blade vibration using unsteady casing pressure. The method applies a non-intrusive blade vibration monitoring technique by using an array of unsteady pressure sensors which may be flush-mounted in the casing of a compressor. The method comprises using spinning mode theory and temporal-spatial analysis to obtain frequency and nodal diameter information of spinning pressure waves associated with the rotor blade vibration. An example of the compressor can be a multistage axial compressor.

A method to monitor rotor blade vibration using unsteady casing pressure. The method applies a non-intrusive blade vibration monitoring technique by using an array of unsteady pressure sensors which may be flush-mounted in the casing of a compressor. The method comprises using spinning mode theory and temporal-spatial analysis to obtain frequency and nodal diameter information of spinning pressure waves associated with the rotor blade vibration. An example of the compressor can be a multistage axial compressor.

An apparatus includes an acquisition means for acquiring the displacement quantity in a time-series manner, the displacement quantity being generated at a measurement part of a structure by the weight of a vehicle that travels on the structure, a detection means for detecting the position and the clock time of the vehicle that travels a pre-passage area of the measurement part, an estimation means for estimating the arrival time that the vehicle arrives at the measurement part, from the position of the measurement part and the position and the clock time of the vehicle, and a control means for controlling the acquisition means on the basis of the estimated arrival time.

A sound velocity profile inversion method based on an inverted multi-beam echometer. Said method comprises the following steps: mounting, in an inverted manner, the multi-beam echometer on an underwater submerged buoy or fixing same to a water bottom, transmitting a beam to a water surface by means of a transmitting transducer array, and receiving an echo signal by means of a receiving transducer array; the multi-beam echometer obtaining an angle of arrival and arrival time of an echo according to the received echo signal; solving an EOF according to sound velocity profile prior information, and obtaining a dimension reduction primary function description method of the sound velocity profile; in combination with the EOF, a ray tracing algorithm, a surface sound velocity and multi-beam data, establishing an optimization model; according to the established optimization model, the arrival time and the angle of arrival of the received echo and the surface sound velocity, using an optimization algorithm to obtain an estimation result of the sound velocity profile of a measurement area; and further, calculating a water temperature profile of the measurement area by using an estimated value of the sound velocity profile. Said method can rapidly and accurately track fluctuations of the sound velocity profile and the temperature profile.

A sound velocity profile inversion method based on an inverted multi-beam echometer. Said method comprises the following steps: mounting, in an inverted manner, the multi-beam echometer on an underwater submerged buoy or fixing same to a water bottom, transmitting a beam to a water surface by means of a transmitting transducer array, and receiving an echo signal by means of a receiving transducer array; the multi-beam echometer obtaining an angle of arrival and arrival time of an echo according to the received echo signal; solving an EOF according to sound velocity profile prior information, and obtaining a dimension reduction primary function description method of the sound velocity profile; in combination with the EOF, a ray tracing algorithm, a surface sound velocity and multi-beam data, establishing an optimization model; according to the established optimization model, the arrival time and the angle of arrival of the received echo and the surface sound velocity, using an optimization algorithm to obtain an estimation result of the sound velocity profile of a measurement area; and further, calculating a water temperature profile of the measurement area by using an estimated value of the sound velocity profile. Said method can rapidly and accurately track fluctuations of the sound velocity profile and the temperature profile.