A solution for evaluating a sample gas for a presence of a trace gas, such as ozone, is provided. The solution uses an ultraviolet source and an ultraviolet detector mounted in a chamber. The chamber can include reflecting walls and/or structures configured to guide ultraviolet light. A computer system can operate the ultraviolet source in a high power pulse mode and acquire data corresponding to an intensity of the ultraviolet radiation detected by the ultraviolet detector while a sample gas is present in the chamber. Using the data, the computer system can determine a presence and/or an amount of the trace gas in the sample gas.

The various embodiments herein disclose an improved method and system for detection, monitoring and management of electrosmog levels at required locations which comprises of electrosmog levels being read by one or more sensors on the multiple sensor device installed at multiple locations, recording, interpreting and processing the data relating to electrosmog levels by using various scientific algorithm and mathematical calculation at the central monitoring equipment device and providing the user a simplified and more accurate data representing the levels of the electrosmog and identifying the source of the electromagnetic contamination.

Provided are a measurement apparatus, a measurement instrument, a measurement system, a server, an analysis method, a storage medium, and a data structure that can easily output good sound while improving the accuracy of body temperature detection. The measurement apparatus includes a metal tube having a first end and a second end; a measurement unit which is arranged at the first end side of the metal tube and is capable of measuring electromagnetic radiation incident from the second end of the metal tube; a housing for holding the metal tube; and a vibrator for vibrating the housing.

A spot shape detection apparatus for detecting the spot shape of a laser beam oscillated from a laser oscillator includes: a focusing leans for focusing the laser beam oscillated by the oscillator; a rotary body (mirror holder) in which a plurality of mirrors for reflecting the laser beam having passed through the focusing lens are disposed on concentric circles; a drive source (motor) for rotating the rotary body at a predetermined period; a beam splitter for branching return beams of the laser beam reflected by the plurality of mirrors of the rotary body; an imaging unit which is disposed in a direction in which the return beams are branched by the beam splitter and which images spot shapes of the return beams; and a display unit for displaying images obtained by imaging by the imaging unit, in relation with the plurality of mirrors.

A light-emitting apparatus includes: a first light guide which includes a first photoreceptor, a second photoreceptor, and a leak, the first light guide guiding light radiated by a radiation apparatus and received by the first photoreceptor and the second photoreceptor, the leak allowing leakage light to be leaked out, the leakage light being part of the light; a converter which converts a wavelength of the leakage light leaked out of the first light guide; a second light guide which is disposed along the first light guide, the second light guide guiding the light radiated by the radiation apparatus and received by a third photoreceptor to the second photoreceptor; and a protector which is tubular and in which the first light guide and the second light guide are disposed such that the first photoreceptor and the third photoreceptor are disposed at a same open end.

A disinfection device includes a disinfection chamber into which a radiation source emits ultraviolet-C (UV-C) radiation. A radiation sensor detects the amount of UV-C radiation within the disinfection chamber, and a temperature sensor produces temperature values of a temperature within the disinfection chamber. A processing unit generates accumulated UV-C radiation values and verifies that the accumulated UV-C radiation value in the disinfection chamber reaches a first radiation threshold while also verifying that the temperature in the disinfection chamber stays below a first temperature threshold. The UV-C radiation may be emitted into the disinfection chamber over one or more fixed periods of time while the total time for the disinfection process is limited to a primary time interval. The process may terminate successfully if the first radiation threshold is exceeded before the primary time interval expires. The disinfection device provides high level disinfection of contaminated articles in a short time and at a low temperature.

A system for measuring light intensity distribution is provided and set in a vacuum environment. The system for measuring light intensity distribution comprises a carbon nanotube array located on a surface of a substrate, a reflector, an imaging element and a cooling device. The substrate is cooled by the cooling device to make a contacting surface between the substrate and the carbon nanotube array maintain a constant temperature. The carbon nanotube array is irradiated by a light source to make the carbon nanotube array radiate a visible light, and the substrate is continuously cooled to make the contact surface between the substrate and the carbon nanotube array maintain the constant temperature. The visible light is reflected with the reflector. The visible light reflected by the reflector is imaged with the imaging element to obtain the light intensity distribution of the light source.

According to an example, a plurality of pixels of a modulator upon which an input light beam impinges may be modulated to apply a first asymmetrical attenuation pattern on the input light beam and to direct a first attenuated light beam from the modulator and a first power level of the first attenuated light beam may be measured. The plurality of pixels may be modulated to apply a second asymmetrical attenuation pattern on the input light beam and to direct a second attenuated light beam from the modulator, and a second power level of the second attenuated light beam may be measured. A difference between the first power level and the second power level may be calculated and a modified peak frequency for an attenuated light beam from the calculated difference may be calculated.

A light-emitting apparatus includes: a radiation apparatus which includes a first laser diode and a second laser diode; a light guide which includes a first photoreceptor, a second photoreceptor, and a leak, and guides laser light received by the first photoreceptor and the second photoreceptor, the leak allowing leakage laser light to be leaked out in a direction crossing a light-guiding direction, the leakage laser light being part of the laser light; a converter which converts a wavelength of the leakage laser light leaked out of the light guide; and a detector which detects, at a non-radiation time in which laser light is not radiated, an electromotive force of the first laser diode, the electromotive force being based on laser light radiated by the second laser diode.

A light-emitting apparatus includes a first light guide, a converter, a second light guide, and a return. The first light guide includes a first photoreceptor, a second photoreceptor, and a leak. The first light guide guides first light radiated by a radiation apparatus and received by the first photoreceptor and the second photoreceptor. The leak allows second light to be leaked out in a direction crossing a light-guiding direction. The second light is part of the first light. The converter is disposed along the first light guide and converts a wavelength of the second light leaked out of the first light guide. The second light guide does not include the leak and guides third light radiated by the radiation apparatus toward the second photoreceptor. The return returns the third light guided by the second light guide.