A temperature measurement system for determining a performance of a smoke generating device includes a temperature measuring device. The temperature measuring device includes an elongated carrier and a number of thermal sensors disposed within the elongated carrier. The elongated carrier is configured to be inserted into an elongated chamber of the smoke generating device. Each of the thermal sensors includes a sensing end exposed on an outer surface of the elongated carrier. When the elongated carrier is inserted into the elongated chamber, the sensing ends respectively detect a temperature of a number of heating members of the smoke generating device.

A temperature measurement system for determining a performance of a smoke generating device includes a temperature measuring device. The temperature measuring device includes an elongated carrier and a number of thermal sensors disposed within the elongated carrier. The elongated carrier is configured to be inserted into an elongated chamber of the smoke generating device. Each of the thermal sensors includes a sensing end exposed on an outer surface of the elongated carrier. When the elongated carrier is inserted into the elongated chamber, the sensing ends respectively detect a temperature of a number of heating members of the smoke generating device.

A unit for high-temperature for uses above 700° C. is provided. The unit includes a housing and an electrical functional element. The functional element has a non-conducting substrate, an electrically conductive element, and at least one connection wire or pad. The functional element has a first section, a second section, and a third section. The first section is within the housing and shielded from a local environment. The second section includes the at least one connection wire or pad and is accessible externally to the housing. The third section is between the first and second sections and is embedded in an electrically insulating material. The insulating material seals off the housing from the functional element. A physical and/or chemical bond at an interface between the insulating material and the functional element.

A unit for high-temperature for uses above 700° C. is provided. The unit includes a housing and an electrical functional element. The functional element has a non-conducting substrate, an electrically conductive element, and at least one connection wire or pad. The functional element has a first section, a second section, and a third section. The first section is within the housing and shielded from a local environment. The second section includes the at least one connection wire or pad and is accessible externally to the housing. The third section is between the first and second sections and is embedded in an electrically insulating material. The insulating material seals off the housing from the functional element. A physical and/or chemical bond at an interface between the insulating material and the functional element.

A sensor device includes at least one sensor, a digital signal processor and an amplifier. The at least one sensor is configured to measure a variable physical quantity and provide a raw sensor signal at an output of the at least one sensor. The digital signal processor is configured to preprocess the raw sensor signal output by the at least one sensor into a sensor signal and to further process the sensor signal into a pulse-width-modulated output signal having a duty cycle that is dependent on the measured quantity using a plurality of device-specific correction parameters stored in a memory to convert the sensor signal into the pulse-width modulated output signal. The amplifier is configured to convert the pulse-width modulated output signal into an analog voltage or current signal.

A sensor device includes at least one sensor, a digital signal processor and an amplifier. The at least one sensor is configured to measure a variable physical quantity and provide a raw sensor signal at an output of the at least one sensor. The digital signal processor is configured to preprocess the raw sensor signal output by the at least one sensor into a sensor signal and to further process the sensor signal into a pulse-width-modulated output signal having a duty cycle that is dependent on the measured quantity using a plurality of device-specific correction parameters stored in a memory to convert the sensor signal into the pulse-width modulated output signal. The amplifier is configured to convert the pulse-width modulated output signal into an analog voltage or current signal.

A temperature sensing circuit adapted for a memory device and including an oscillator, a count circuit, a control circuit, a sense circuit and a select circuit is provided. The oscillator provides an oscillation signal. The count circuit counts the oscillation signal to generate a first count signal, and generates a second count signal. The count circuit performs a logic operation on the second count signal to generate an enable signal and a sensing adjustment signal. The sense circuit generates a reference temperature voltage by dividing a reference voltage according to the sensing adjustment signal, and compares the reference temperature voltage and a monitor voltage according to the enable signal to generate a determination signal. The select circuit dynamically selects one of the oscillation signal and the first count signal according to the determination signal, and generates a pulse of a refresh request signal according to the dynamically selected one of the oscillation signal and the first count signal.

A temperature sensing circuit adapted for a memory device and including an oscillator, a count circuit, a control circuit, a sense circuit and a select circuit is provided. The oscillator provides an oscillation signal. The count circuit counts the oscillation signal to generate a first count signal, and generates a second count signal. The count circuit performs a logic operation on the second count signal to generate an enable signal and a sensing adjustment signal. The sense circuit generates a reference temperature voltage by dividing a reference voltage according to the sensing adjustment signal, and compares the reference temperature voltage and a monitor voltage according to the enable signal to generate a determination signal. The select circuit dynamically selects one of the oscillation signal and the first count signal according to the determination signal, and generates a pulse of a refresh request signal according to the dynamically selected one of the oscillation signal and the first count signal.

Monitors are for pressurized systems are described. These may include batteryless monitors that run on power harvested from their environments.

Monitors are for pressurized systems are described. These may include batteryless monitors that run on power harvested from their environments.