A dual-output microelectromechanical system (MEMS) resonator can be operated selectively and concurrently in an in-plane mode of vibration and an out-of-plane mode of vibration to obtain, respectively, a first electrical signal having a first frequency and a second electrical signal having a second frequency that is less than the first frequency. The first and second electrical signals are mixed to obtain a third electrical signal having a third frequency, where the third frequency is proportional to a temperature of the MEMS resonator. The temperature is determined based on the third frequency. Values of the first and second frequencies can be adjusted based on the determined temperature to compensate for frequency deviations due to temperature deviations. Also described herein are methods and systems for determining the temperature of the dual-output MEMS and for performing frequency compensation, as well as a method of manufacturing the dual-output MEMS.

A temperature detection device includes: a temperature detection element; a constant current circuit configured to supply a driving current to the temperature detection element; and a temperature signal generation unit configured to convert a voltage of the temperature detection element when the driving current is supplied to the temperature detection element into a temperature signal. The temperature detection device includes a driving current monitoring circuit configured to monitor change in the driving current outputted from the constant current circuit. The driving current monitoring circuit includes a current-voltage conversion unit voltage of which changes corresponding to a change in the driving current, and outputs by a switching circuit the voltage when the driving current is supplied from the constant current circuit to the current-voltage conversion unit.

A temperature detection device includes: a temperature detection element; a constant current circuit configured to supply a driving current to the temperature detection element; and a temperature signal generation unit configured to convert a voltage of the temperature detection element when the driving current is supplied to the temperature detection element into a temperature signal. The temperature detection device includes a driving current monitoring circuit configured to monitor change in the driving current outputted from the constant current circuit. The driving current monitoring circuit includes a current-voltage conversion unit voltage of which changes corresponding to a change in the driving current, and outputs by a switching circuit the voltage when the driving current is supplied from the constant current circuit to the current-voltage conversion unit.

A chargeable battery temperature estimation apparatus estimating an internal temperature of a chargeable battery includes a processor performing when executing the instructions stored in a memory: acquiring a detected current value output from a current sensor configured to detect a current flowing in the chargeable battery; calculating a heating value on the basis of the detected current value, the heating value estimating heat generated inside the chargeable battery; acquiring a detected external temperature value output from a temperature sensor configured to detect an external temperature of the chargeable battery; estimating the internal temperature of the chargeable battery based on the calculated heating value and the detected temperature value; and outputting the estimated internal temperature.

A chargeable battery temperature estimation apparatus estimating an internal temperature of a chargeable battery includes a processor performing when executing the instructions stored in a memory: acquiring a detected current value output from a current sensor configured to detect a current flowing in the chargeable battery; calculating a heating value on the basis of the detected current value, the heating value estimating heat generated inside the chargeable battery; acquiring a detected external temperature value output from a temperature sensor configured to detect an external temperature of the chargeable battery; estimating the internal temperature of the chargeable battery based on the calculated heating value and the detected temperature value; and outputting the estimated internal temperature.

A resistance device (100) includes a field-effect transistor (TN) and a voltage applying circuit (1). The voltage applying circuit (1) applies a control voltage (Vgs) between the gate and source of the field-effect transistor (TN) according to a temperature (T) to control a resistance value (R) between the drain and source of the field-effect transistor (TN). The control voltage (Vgs) is a voltage obtained by adding a correction voltage (Vc) to a reference voltage (Vgs0). The correction voltage (Vc) depends on the temperature (T) and is set to be zero at a first temperature (T1).

A resistance device (100) includes a field-effect transistor (TN) and a voltage applying circuit (1). The voltage applying circuit (1) applies a control voltage (Vgs) between the gate and source of the field-effect transistor (TN) according to a temperature (T) to control a resistance value (R) between the drain and source of the field-effect transistor (TN). The control voltage (Vgs) is a voltage obtained by adding a correction voltage (Vc) to a reference voltage (Vgs0). The correction voltage (Vc) depends on the temperature (T) and is set to be zero at a first temperature (T1).

A temperature probe for a cooktop appliance includes a resilient clip configured for mounting on a cooking utensil with a module connected to the resilient clip and a temperature sensor extending from the module along a longitudinal direction. The resilient clip may include a hook portion configured to engage a rim of the cooking utensil and an offset portion that is not parallel to the hook portion. The temperature probe may include an emitter and a receiver for non-contact measurement of a diameter of the cooking utensil.

A circuit is disclosed that includes a first differential input pair, a second differential input pair, a first switch, and a second switch. The first differential input pair receives an output voltage at an output node and a first temperature-dependent voltage. The second differential input pair receives the output voltage and a second temperature-dependent voltage. When the output voltage reaches the second temperature-dependent voltage, the first switch is turned on to pull up the output voltage in response to a first control signal generated according to an output signal of the second differential input pair. When the output voltage reaches the first temperature-dependent voltage, the second switch is turned on to pull down the output voltage in response to a second control signal generated according to an output signal of the first differential input pair.

A circuit is disclosed that includes a first differential input pair, a second differential input pair, a first switch, and a second switch. The first differential input pair receives an output voltage at an output node and a first temperature-dependent voltage. The second differential input pair receives the output voltage and a second temperature-dependent voltage. When the output voltage reaches the second temperature-dependent voltage, the first switch is turned on to pull up the output voltage in response to a first control signal generated according to an output signal of the second differential input pair. When the output voltage reaches the first temperature-dependent voltage, the second switch is turned on to pull down the output voltage in response to a second control signal generated according to an output signal of the first differential input pair.