A brake device applies a braking force to a vehicle by pressing a friction material against a rotor rotating integrally with a wheel. A temperature estimation method applied to the brake device includes: calculating an amount of absorbed energy absorbed by the rotor based on an amount of kinetic energy that the vehicle loses and an amount of potential energy that the vehicle loses during braking of the vehicle; and estimating a temperature of the rotor based on the amount of absorbed energy.

A brake temperature detection device is configured detect brake temperature more accurately. In a situation in which the temperature in the vicinity of the brake has risen above the atmospheric temperature, indicated by a value read off of the detection signal of the temperature sensor, for example when traveling in congested traffic, a value to correct atmospheric temperature is determined, and atmospheric temperature is corrected on the basis of that atmospheric temperature correction value. Subsequently, brake temperature is calculated on the basis of the corrected air temperature. As a result of this configuration, it is possible to have the calculated brake temperature approach the actual brake temperature. This makes it possible to detect brake temperature more accurately.

A brake temperature detection device is configured detect brake temperature more accurately. In a situation in which the temperature in the vicinity of the brake has risen above the atmospheric temperature, indicated by a value read off of the detection signal of the temperature sensor, for example when traveling in congested traffic, a value to correct atmospheric temperature is determined, and atmospheric temperature is corrected on the basis of that atmospheric temperature correction value. Subsequently, brake temperature is calculated on the basis of the corrected air temperature. As a result of this configuration, it is possible to have the calculated brake temperature approach the actual brake temperature. This makes it possible to detect brake temperature more accurately.

Examples of a fiber optic temperature measuring system for measuring a temperature of a surface at multiple points simultaneously in real time is provided. The fiber optic temperature measuring system comprises a fiber optic probe with fiber bundle with plurality of individual fibers with thermographic phosphor at the fiber's tip and a high-speed camera. Invention allows accurate multipoint measurement of ESC' surface temperature. The thermographic phosphor is embedded in a nudge at the tip of each individual fibers or on the surface (under the surface) at predetermined positions.

A system for passive microwave remote sensing using at least one microwave radiometer includes a fixed body portion, the fixed body portion being configured to attach to a mobile platform, and a mobile body portion, the mobile body portion being configured for rotatably coupling with the fixed body portion for rotation about a rotation axis. The mobile body portion is configured for supporting the at least one microwave radiometer therein such that the at least one microwave radiometer rotates about the rotation axis when the mobile body portion is rotated about the rotation axis such that a polarization axis of the at least one radiometer is aligned with an earth axis. The fixed body portion includes a motor mechanism for effecting rotation of the mobile body portion such that the at least one microwave radiometer provides a vertical scanning below and above the mobile platform.

An optical fiber temperature distribution measuring device includes: an optical fiber as a sensor; a calculation control unit for measuring a temperature distribution along the optical fiber by using backward Raman scattered light from the optical fiber; a far-end-position dispersion characteristic calculation unit for obtaining a dispersion characteristic of the optical fiber at a far-end position thereof; a per-unit-length dispersion characteristic calculation unit for obtaining a per-unit-length dispersion characteristic of the optical fiber based on the dispersion characteristic of the optical fiber at the far-end position thereof; and a correction parameter calculation unit for calculating a correction parameter for correcting a dispersion characteristic of the optical fiber based on a dispersion characteristic at each of different positions along the optical fiber.

Systems and methods are described for microwave-frequency, passive sensing of internal body temperature. Some implementations include one or more wearable sensors that wirelessly transmit temperature data continuously to a remote receiver. The sensor can include a probe designed to be placed on a skin site of an individual to receive near-field radiation at the skin site, and a radiometer to detect a total power of the received near-field radiation. The remote receiver includes a signal processing system that can convert the detected total power to an internal tissue temperature measurement by applying the detected power to a tissue stack model. The tissue stack model can characterize the skin site according to a set of weighting functions, each weighting function corresponding at least to electromagnetic characteristics of an associated tissue layer of the tissue stack model.

The present invention includes a body case having a biological sample sensor mounting portion on one end side, a temperature sensor (A) provided on the one end side inside the body case, a measurement portion connected to the biological sample sensor mounting portion, and a control portion connected to the measurement portion. A temperature sensor (B) is provided on one other end side inside the body case, and when measurement is performed by the measurement portion, temperature change amounts in the two end portions are compared using the temperature sensors (A) and (B). Furthermore, a measurement value obtained by the measurement portion is corrected using temperature information from either one of the temperature sensors (A) or (B) that is provided in the end portion on the side where the temperature change is smaller.

The present invention relates to a method for early detection of carbonization during the drying of an organic material. The method of the present invention measures temperature variation per unit time of exhaust gas containing water (H.sub.2O), carbon monoxide (CO), or carbon dioxide (CO.sub.2), which are to be generated by the pyrolysis of an organic material, and the concentration of carbon monoxide/carbon dioxide of the exhaust gas, so as to determine the occurrence of carbonization therethrough, thereby enabling early detection of carbonization within a dryer.

A temperature measurement system configured to measure a temperature of a target object having a first main surface and a second main surface includes a light source unit configured to emit output light penetrating the target object and including a first wavelength range and a second wavelength range; a measurement unit configured to measure a spectrum of reflected light; an optical path length ratio calculator configured to calculate an optical path length ratio between the output light of the first wavelength range and the output light of the second wavelength range; and a temperature calculator configured to calculate the temperature of the target object based on the optical path length ratio and a previously investigated relationship between the temperature of the target object and a refractive index ratio between the output light of the first wavelength range and the output light of the second wavelength range.