A method to determine a temperature of a product, the method includes: determining a dielectric constant as a function of a core-, surface-, and/or average-temperature correlation ε(T) of at least one product and storing the dielectric constant in a computer means; locating the product between a microwave-radiometry-antenna and a microwave-radiometry-receiver and measuring the dielectric properties of the product; selecting the correlation ε(T) that corresponds to the product whose dielectric properties have been measured, and calculating the core-, surface-, and/or average-temperature of the product using the dielectric constant correlation ε(T).

A system for passive microwave remote sensing using at least one microwave radiometer includes a fixed body portion and a mobile body portion. The mobile body portion is configured for rotatably coupling with the fixed body portion for rotation about a rotation axis. The mobile body portion is configured for supporting the microwave radiometer therein such that the microwave radiometer rotates about the rotation axis when the mobile body portion is rotated about the rotation axis such that a polarization axis of the radiometer is aligned with an earth axis. The fixed body portion includes a motor mechanism for effecting rotation of the mobile body portion. In an embodiment, the mobile body portion includes a plurality of body section, each body section being configured for supporting a microwave radiometer therein. In another embodiment, each one of the plurality of body sections is configured to be interchangeably coupled with each other.

The present disclosure relates to a method and apparatus for in-situ calibration and/or validation of a thermometer having a temperature sensor and a reference element composed at least partially of a material that undergoes a phase transformation at a phase transformation temperature, wherein the material remains in the solid phase in the phase transformation, the method including detecting and/or registering a measured value from the temperature sensor; detecting and/or registering a reference variable of the reference element; detecting the occurrence of the phase transformation based on a change of the reference variable; ascertaining a phase transformation time at which the phase transformation occurs; determining a sensor temperature using the temperature sensor at a measurement time that has the shortest time separation from the phase transformation time; and comparing the sensor temperature with the phase transformation temperature and/or determining a difference between the sensor temperature and the phase transformation temperature.

The present disclosure relates to a method and apparatus for in-situ calibration and/or validation of a thermometer having a temperature sensor and a reference element composed at least partially of a material that undergoes a phase transformation at a phase transformation temperature, wherein the material remains in the solid phase in the phase transformation, the method including detecting and/or registering a measured value from the temperature sensor; detecting and/or registering a reference variable of the reference element; detecting the occurrence of the phase transformation based on a change of the reference variable; ascertaining a phase transformation time at which the phase transformation occurs; determining a sensor temperature using the temperature sensor at a measurement time that has the shortest time separation from the phase transformation time; and comparing the sensor temperature with the phase transformation temperature and/or determining a difference between the sensor temperature and the phase transformation temperature.

Provided are a radio frequency (RF) receiver module for sensing core body temperature and an RF microwave core body thermometer system having the same. The RF receiver module for sensing core body temperature and the RF microwave core body thermometer having the same include: an RF contact-type patch antenna attached to a body part to sense the core body temperature; an RF receiver circuit unit attached to the body part to receive any one RF frequency signal within an RF frequency range of 1 to 10 GHz through the RF contact-type patch antenna for sensing core body temperature; and an interface circuit unit for connecting the RF receiver circuit unit to a control unit of a microprocessor control unit.

The invention relates to a method for detecting the absolute temperature or temperature changes and/or the absolute wavelength or wavelength changes of an optical probe signal using an optical detection device including an optical waveguide structure defining an optical input port adapted to receive the optical probe signal and a first and a second optical output port adapted to output a first and a second optical detection signal, respectively. As a response to the optical probe signal, the optical waveguide structure being configured in such a way that a first power transfer function characterizing the transmission of the optical probe signal from the optical input port to the first optical output port differs, with respect to its wavelength and temperature dependency, from a second power transfer function characterizing the transmission of the optical probe signal from the optical input port to the second optical output port. The method includes the steps of transmitting the optical probe signal having a predetermined, but not necessarily constant, wavelength to the optical input port; detecting the first and second optical detection signal at the first and second optical output port by means of a first a and second opto-electrical converter which create a first and second electrical signal corresponding to the optical power of the respective first or second optical detection signal; measuring values of the first and second electrical signal and determining an absolute temperature value or a value of a temperature change of the optical waveguide structure and/or an absolute wavelength value or a value of a wavelength change of the optical probe signal by using the values measured of the first and second electrical signal and a first and a second previously determined wavelength and temperature dependency of both the first and second power transfer function. The invention further relates to an optical detection device for implementing this method.

Provided are a radio frequency (RF) receiver module for sensing core body temperature and an RF microwave core body thermometer system having the same. The RF receiver module for sensing core body temperature and the RF microwave core body thermometer having the same include: an RF contact-type patch antenna attached to a body part to sense the core body temperature; an RF receiver circuit unit attached to the body part to receive any one RF frequency signal within an RF frequency range of 1 to 10 GHz except for 1.4 GHz, 1.6 GHz, 1.7 GHz, 2.6 GHz and 2.7 GHz through the RF contact-type patch antenna for sensing core body temperature; and an interface circuit unit for connecting the RF receiver circuit unit to a control unit of a microprocessor control unit.

The present invention relates to a time-temperature indicating module that causes a spread material whose degree of diffusion changes with temperature change to be absorbed and diffused into a diffusion material through induction of a crack, guides a diffusion direction of the spread material through a guide line printed in a longitudinal direction of the diffusion material and also enables a clear start time point of diffusion to be displayed.

The present invention relates to a time-temperature indicating module that causes a spread material whose degree of diffusion changes with temperature change to be absorbed and diffused into a diffusion material through induction of a crack, guides a diffusion direction of the spread material through a guide line printed in a longitudinal direction of the diffusion material and also enables a clear start time point of diffusion to be displayed.

This invention relates to a method and apparatus for automated measurement of the temperatures of samples on a production line without any human intervention. In one aspect the apparatus has a conveyance system; and a temperature measurement unit having: a first member and a second member which are movable relative to each other between at least a first position in which the first and second members cooperate to form an internal space which is substantially internally reflective of radiofrequency radiation and a second position in which the object can be introduced into said internal space; and a radiometer arranged so that it is coupled to said internal space, wherein the conveyance system is arranged to convey the object to a measurement position in said internal space whilst the first and second members are in the second position, for a measurement of the radiation emitted from the object to be performed by the radiometer when the first and second members are in the first position and to convey the object away from said measurement position once the measurement has been performed and said first and second members have returned to the second position. The apparatus allows for recording and storing of measured temperature information. Embodiments of the invention provide for auto-calibration of the apparatus and automated testing and rejection of samples which do not meet pre-defined criteria.