The present disclosure relates to a method and apparatus for in-situ calibration and/or validation of a thermometer having a temperature sensor and a reference element composed at least partially of a material that undergoes a phase transformation at a phase transformation temperature, wherein the material remains in the solid phase in the phase transformation, the method including detecting and/or registering a measured value from the temperature sensor; detecting and/or registering a reference variable of the reference element; detecting the occurrence of the phase transformation based on a change of the reference variable; ascertaining a phase transformation time at which the phase transformation occurs; determining a sensor temperature using the temperature sensor at a measurement time that has the shortest time separation from the phase transformation time; and comparing the sensor temperature with the phase transformation temperature and/or determining a difference between the sensor temperature and the phase transformation temperature.

A radiometric camera and method for obtaining accurate radiometric readings of objects in a scene captured by a radiometric camera. The method comprises estimating a gamma drift coefficient based on an input thermal image, wherein the thermal image is captured by an infrared sensor; performing, based on the gamma drift coefficient and the input thermal image, a sensor temperature stabilization to provide an ambient-stabilized thermal image, wherein the ambient-stabilized thermal image is invariant to temperature changes of the infrared sensor; performing ambient calibration to estimate a scene temperature based on the ambient-stabilized thermal image; and measuring, based on the estimated scene temperature and a calibrated attenuation factor, a temperature of each of at least one object shown in the input thermal image, where the temperature of each of the at least one object is measured independently of the ambient temperature of the radiometric camera.

The present application relates to method and system of monitoring liquefied gas in a cryogenic liquefied gas tank having an inner shell and an outer shell and an insulation between the inner and outer shell. An exemplary method includes arranging an array of temperature sensors for measuring a temperature of the inner shell wall at different vertical positions, reading sensors in the array, performing a validity check of the sensors, and using only sensors which passed the validity check only, determining a state of the gas based on the temperature data.

A mask structure and a manufacturing method of the mask structure are provided. The mask structure includes a transparent substrate, a patterned metal layer, and a plurality of microlens structures. The patterned metal layer is disposed on the transparent substrate and exposing a portion of the transparent substrate. The microlens structures are disposed on the transparent substrate exposed by a portion of the patterned metal layer and being in contact with the portion of the patterned metal layer.

A method for maintaining a first electrical component includes the following: Temperature measurement values recorded at the first electrical component are stored as a first set of measurement data, and temperature measurement values recorded at least at one second and one third electrical component are stored as second and third sets of measurement data. Taking into account the three sets of measurement data, a verification is carried out to determine whether a maintenance operation is necessary at the first component. There is also described a data-processing system for carrying out the method.

A hybrid temperature sensor for an integrated circuit includes two temperature sensors—an application temperature sensor for measuring temperature during normal use of the integrated circuit, and a calibration temperature sensitive element. By providing two temperature sensitive elements within the integrated circuit, it is possible to take advantage of different characteristics of temperature sensors to achieve high accuracy calibration of the application temperature sensor relatively quickly and at low cost, whilst also maintaining desirable characteristics for the application temperature sensor, such as high speed, low power consumption, high resolution, etc.

A hybrid temperature sensor for an integrated circuit includes two temperature sensors—an application temperature sensor for measuring temperature during normal use of the integrated circuit, and a calibration temperature sensitive element. By providing two temperature sensitive elements within the integrated circuit, it is possible to take advantage of different characteristics of temperature sensors to achieve high accuracy calibration of the application temperature sensor relatively quickly and at low cost, whilst also maintaining desirable characteristics for the application temperature sensor, such as high speed, low power consumption, high resolution, etc.

A method (300) for determining temperature in a region (220/230) of an environment (200) by compensating for heat-up of a temperature sensor caused by ambient air and/or electronic heating, using a system (100) comprising: (i) a structure (110); (ii) a controller (130); and (iii) a temperature sensor (120), the method comprising: obtaining (320) first temperature measurements while the structure is in a first operating mode; changing (330) the first operating mode of the structure to a second operating mode; obtaining (340) second temperature measurements while the structure is in the second operating mode; determining (350) a temperature correction comprising an effect of the second operating mode on the temperature sensor; obtaining (360) a new temperature measurement during operation of the structure in the second operating mode; and adjusting (370), using the temperature correction, the new temperature measurement to generate a compensated temperature measurement.

There is provided a detection method for detecting a failure of a thermistor, the detection method comprising: applying a load to the thermistor over time; measuring a physical property value of the thermistor at least at a first time and a second time during a time period in which the load is being applied to the thermistor; and detecting the failure of the thermistor based on first data indicating the physical property value of the thermistor measured at the first time and second data indicating the physical property value of the thermistor measured at the second time.

Systems, apparatuses, and methods for implementing an optimized adaptive thermal control mechanism for an integrated circuit (IC) are described. A control unit receives a digital input value which is representative of a temperature of an IC. The control unit compares the input value to at least two set points. A result of a first comparison determines whether an accumulator is incremented or decremented by a programmable gain value. A result of a second comparison determines whether the accumulator is primed with a preset ramp-up value. The preset ramp-up value is used since the accumulator can take several sensing cycles to reach the optimal control value while thermal gradients can become critical in only a few cycles. The output of the accumulator is provided to an actuator which adjusts parameter(s) to modulate the IC's temperature. The granularity and range of the accumulator matches the granularity and range of the actuator.