An electronic device according to various embodiments, may include a speaker, a temperature sensor disposed in at least some area inside the speaker, and at least one processor configured to obtain a first temperature of the at least some area using the temperature sensor, obtain a second temperature based on measuring impedance of a voice coil included in the speaker, determine a temperature of the speaker based on at least one of the first temperature and the second temperature, and change a function of the electronic device based at least on the determined temperature of the speaker.

Systems and methods are provided for controlling welding. One embodiment is a method for controlling welding. The method includes initiating induction welding by operating an induction coil along a weld interface of a first composite part comprising a matrix of thermoplastic reinforced by fibers, in order to join the first composite part to a second composite part, determining a measured magnetic field strength at a location distinct from the induction coil, and determining a welding temperature at the weld interface of the first composite part based on the measured magnetic field strength.

A circuit interrupter including a busbar, a Rogowski coil disposed around the busbar and structured to sense current having a first frequency flowing through the busbar, a test injector circuit structured to input a test signal having a second frequency to the Rogowski coil, high or band pass filter circuitry structured to receive an output of the Rogowski coil, the output including a first component having the first frequency and being proportional to the current through the busbar and a second component having the second frequency and being proportional to a temperature of the Rogowski coil, and to attenuate the first component of the Rogowski coil output, and an electronic trip unit including a temperature measurement unit structured to receive an output of the high or band pass filter circuitry and to estimate the temperature of the busbar based on the output of the high or band pass filter circuitry.

A temperature sensor configured to generate an output signal corresponding to a sensed and/or measured temperature includes: a diode including a cathode coupled to a ground node; a first capacitor including a first end coupled to the ground node; a switch circuit configured to connect a second end of the first capacitor to a positive voltage node or an anode of the diode according to a control signal; switch control circuitry configured to generate the control signal based on a reference voltage with a voltage of the anode; and an output signal generator configured to generate the output signal corresponding to the sensed temperature based on a frequency of the control signal.

Examples of the present disclosure relate to a device, method, and medium storing instructions for execution by a processor for estimating motor winding temperature. In an example, a device for estimating motor winding temperature includes a motor shaft and a motor winding. The device may include a current sense resistor to detect the current passing through a common wiring. The device may include a digital to analog converter to convert an input voltage to an analog signal for comparison to the voltage and to generate a differential voltage using the signals received from the current sense resistor and an initial voltage supplied to the motor winding. The device may include a processor to use the differential voltage and a current input value to calculate a resistance of the motor winding from comparison to a temperature conversion curve.

A rechargeable battery system including at least one energy storage cell having a positive terminal and a negative terminal, a resistive element and a circuit configured to allow current to flow through the resistive element. A monitoring circuit measures the current flow through, and a voltage produced across, the resistive element and calculates the resistance of the resistive element. The current flow through the resistive element produces heat by raising the temperature of the resistive element. The current flow through the resistive element may be managed by a balancing circuit. A current sense resistor may be connected in series with a balancing resistor and a transistor turns on a balancing operation through balancing resistor. The monitoring circuit may determine the temperature of the resistive element based on the calculated resistance. The battery monitoring circuit may activate a battery cooling system based on the temperature of the resistive element.

A magnetostrictive-type sensor temperature-detecting circuit configured to be used in a magnetostrictive-type sensor including an applied stress-detecting coil, and a driving section to output an alternating voltage, excite the coil with a resulting alternating electric current, and switch flow directions of the electric current flowing in the coil in response to switching voltage polarities of the output alternating voltage, to detect a temperature of the coil in the sensor. This temperature-detecting circuit includes an alternating electric current direction switching time-detecting section to detect an amount of time from when the voltage polarities of the output alternating voltage are switched until when the flow directions of the electric current flowing in the coil are switched, and a temperature-computing section to compute the temperature of the coil on the basis of the amount of time detected by the alternating electric current direction switching time-detecting section.

According to one embodiment, an electronic circuit includes an oscillator and a measuring circuit. The oscillator generates a first signal with a frequency corresponding to a time. The measuring circuit measures a first voltage based on a resonance frequency in a terminal of a semiconductor device where the first signal is supplied.

A method determines a temperature of at least one electronic switching element by way of a temperature measuring circuit. A first electronic switching element in an electronic module is first of all turned off and a second electronic switching element in the electronic module is turned on. A voltage measuring unit is then coupled to the electronic module and a voltage drop across the second electronic switching element is measured. A current intensity of a current flowing through the second electronic switching element is also determined and the temperature of the second electronic switching element is determined with the inclusion of the measured voltage drop and the determined current intensity. An electronic assembly for determining a temperature of at least one electronic switching element is also described.

An apparatus may include a transistor, a capacitor, and an operational amplifier. The transistor may have a sub-threshold voltage applied to a gate of the transistor. The capacitor configured to store a first gate to-source voltage of the transistor while a first switch and a second switch are closed and a third switch is open. The capacitor may be charged to a first gate-to-source voltage of the transistor while the transistor is biased with a first bias current. The operational amplifier may be configured to determine a voltage difference between the first gate-to-source voltage stored in the capacitor and a second gate-to-source voltage of the transistor while the transistor is biased with a second bias current. The operational amplifier may determine the voltage difference while the third switch is closed and the first switch and the second switch are open. The voltage difference may correspond to a temperature of the transistor.